BACKGROUND Injury to the long thoracic nerve is a common cause of winging scapula. When the serratus anterior muscle is unable to function, patients often lose the ability to raise their arm overhead on the affected side. METHODS Serratus anterior function was restored through decompression, neurolysis, and tetanic electrical stimulation of the long thoracic nerve. This included partial relea...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of shoulder injuries is increasing in rugby and the majority are related to the contact/tackle phase of play. However, no data currently exists that describes preparatory muscle activity during tackle. This information could aid in guiding training and rehabilitation, if available. The purpose of the study was to assess the sequen...

Under the title of "Fascia Exo-Thoracique," Gabrielle, Latarjet, and Michaud (1947) have described an extremely thin, homogeneous, and continuous fascial layer which covers the surface of the thoracic cage, posteriorly and laterally. This is a well-known surgical fact and is frequently used in suturing the resulting costo-intercostal incisions of thoracotomies. However, the literature does not ...

We read with great interest Mandabushi and colleagues commentary about Serratus Anterior Plane Block as a New Analgesic Technique for Post-Thoracotomy Pain (1). They concluded that SAP block is very easy to perform and provides excellent analgesia in patients undergoing thoracotomy with minimal side effects. We would like to describe its possible use and limitations for analgesic control for th...

We have examined the organization of muscle afferent projections to motoneurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord of chick embryos between stage 37, when muscle afferents first reach the motor nucleus, and stage 44, which is just before hatching. Connectivity between afferents and motoneurons was assessed by stimulating individual muscle nerves and recording the resulting motoneuron synaptic poten...

The responses of 11 individual motoneurons, the muscle to which each projected, plus all other muscles in the anterior thigh of the cat, were recorded following single non-noxious electrical stimuli to cutaneous nerves while the intact animal walked on a treadmill. The various excitatory and/or inhibitory responses were qualitatively similar for stimuli within the range 1.1-10 times threshold f...