Cephalopods such as the octopus show the most advanced behavior among invertebrates, which they accomplish with an exceptionally flexible body plan. In this review I propose that the embodied organization approach, developed by roboticists to design efficient autonomous robots, is useful for understanding the evolution and development of the efficient adaptive interaction of animals with their ...

local anesthetic solutions are frequently mixed to take advantage of the useful properties of each drug but the medical literature is surprisingly deficient in well controlled studies about the onset and duration of action of these mixtures for epidural anesthesia. a total of 32 patients scheduled for elective operation were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study; in group i, ...

Dynamic posturography has become an important tool for understanding standing balance in clinical settings. A key test in the NeuroCom dynamic posturography system, the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) provides information about the integration of multiple components of balance. The SOT test leads to an outcome measure called the equilibrium score (ES), which reflects the overall coordination of...

CONTEXT To ensure that concussed athletes return to play safely, we need better methods of measuring concussion severity and monitoring concussion resolution. OBJECTIVE To develop a dual-task model that assesses postural stability and cognitive processing in concussed athletes. DESIGN Repeated measures study. SETTING University laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty healthy, ...

Dynamic posturography has become an important tool for understanding standing balance in clinical settings. A key test in the NeuroCom International (Clackamas, Oregon) dynamic posturography system, the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), provides information about the integration of multiple components of balance. The SOT test leads to an outcome measure called the "equilibrium score" (ES), which...