recently as an effective way of monitoring remote or inhospitable physical environments. One of the major challenges in devising such networks lies in the constrained energy and computational resources available to sensor nodes. These constraints must be taken into account at all levels of system hierarchy. The deployment of sensor nodes is the first step in establishing a sensor network. Since...

Distributed wireless sensor networks have problems on detecting and preventing malicious nodes, which always bring destructive threats and compromise multiple sensor nodes. Therefore, sensor networks need to support an authentication service for sensor identity and message transmission. Furthermore, intrusion detection and prevention schemes are always integrated in sensor security appliances s...

A Sensor network generally has a large number of sensor nodes that are deployed at some audited site. In most sensor networks the nodes are static. Nevertheless, node connectivity is subject to changes because of disruptions in wireless communication, transmission power changes, or loss of synchronization between neighbouring nodes, so there is a need to maintain synchronization between the nei...

In this paper, we analyze energy-aware geographical routing protocols with different parameters in wireless sensor networks. Geographic routing is a forwarding protocol that relies on geographic-position information. It is an on-demand type of routing that uses a “greedy” forwarding approach, in which a sensor node forwards a packet to a neighbor closest to the destination node. We study, throu...

network sensors consist of sensor nodes in which every node covers a limited area. the most common use ofthese networks is in unreachable fields.sink is a node that collects data from other nodes.one of the main challenges in these networks is the limitation of nodes battery (power supply). therefore, the use oftopology control is required to decrease power consumption and increase network acce...

Localization of sensor nodes is important in many aspects in wireless sensor networks. The known location of sensor node helps in determining the event of interest. A mobile sink is introduced to track the event driven sensor nodes in the path of the event, thus conserving energy and time. We present a novel range based localization algorithm which helps the mobile sink to compute the location ...

Wireless sensor nodes are electronic devices capable of collecting, storing, and processing environmental information, and communicating with other sensor nodes through wireless communications. Hundreds or thousands of wireless sensor nodes deployed in a region of interest comprise a wireless sensor network (WSN), where all members cooperatively monitor the whole region, barriers, or targets (p...

Wireless Networking is a technology in which number of mobile nodes can communicate with each other directly or indirectly through wireless links. A sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes and a sink. In the wireless sensor networks the main problem is limited battery life used by sensor nodes because the size of sensor nodes is small so constraints are there like battery s...

In many embedded and distributed applications, very large number of sensors are deployed to gather important information for remote surveillance, continual monitoring and distributed target tracking. These sensors may be highly mobile and scattered over a wide area. Dissemination and fusion of real-time sensor information through these large self-organizing sensor networks must adapt rapidly to...

Problem statement: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. Nodes in a sensor network are severely constrained by energy and computing power. Continuous working of sensor nodes leads to quick depletion of battery power and reduces the overall lifetime. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, efficient routing...