in his recognition of being and achievement of truth, man has two instruments in his constitution and two ways before him: intellect and heart; reasoning and intuition. some have opted the way of reasoning and underestimated intuition because of its lack of reasoning, and some have preferred intuition over reasoning because of its being presential (intuitive). with their research on philosophy ...

Abstract This article explores the history of scenario drafting at International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1970s and 1980s. Introduced late 1970s, scenarios were used to compare, assess, illustrate assumed effects different policy actions or inactions. They provided alternative versions a hypothetical future, derived from research staff's narrative reasoning by which IMF researchers stitched toget...

This special issue of the Journal of Applied Logic contains a selection of the papers presented at the Third International Workshop on Computational Models of Scientific Reasoning and Applications (III CMSRA), which was held on 14—15 September 2003 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, chaired by Claudio Delrieux. The CMSRA workshop series has provided an annual forum for bringing together practitioners ...

For autonomous systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles to successfully perform complex missions, a great deal of embedded reasoning is required at varying levels of abstraction. In order to make use of diverse reasoning modules in such systems, issues of integration such as sensor data flow and information flow between such modules has to be taken into account. The DyKnow framework is a tool w...

Who could disagree with the seemingly common-sense reasoning that: “We must learn from the things that go wrong.”? Despite major investments to improve patient safety, relatively few evaluations demonstrate convincing reductions in risk, harm, serious error or death. This disappointing trajectory of improvement from learning from errors or Safety-I as it is sometimes known has led some research...

Knowledge representation, defined as the way individuals structure their knowledge and cognitive processing of events and the associated sense-making processes, is believed to influence teachers’ reasoning/thinking skills. While extensively researched in mainstream teacher education, this line of inquiry is essentially lacking in the L2 teacher education literature. To fill some of the void, th...

We study how using argumentation as an alternative foundation for logic gives a framework in which we can reconcile human and automated reasoning. We analyse this reconciliation between human and automated reasoning at three levels: (1) at the level of classical, strict reasoning on which, till today, automated reasoning and computing are based, (2) at the level of natural or ordinary human lev...

Back of the envelope reasoning involves generating quantitative answers in situations where exact data and models are unavailable and where available data is often incomplete and/or inconsistent. A rough estimate generated quickly is more valuable and useful than a detailed analysis, which might be unnecessary, impractical, or impossible because the situation does not provide enough time, infor...

BACKGROUND Practical experience with clinical cases has played an important role in supporting the learning of clinical reasoning. However, learning through practical experience involves complex processes difficult to be captured by students. This study aimed to examine the effects of a computer-based cognitive-mapping approach that helps students to externalize the reasoning process and the kn...

It is widely agreed on that most cognitive processes are contextual in the sense that they depend on the environment, or context, inside which they are carried on. Even concentrating on the issue of contextuality in reasoning, many different notions of context can be found in the Artificial Intelligence literature, see for instance [Giunchiglia 1991a, Giunchiglia & Weyhrauch 1988, Guha 1990, Gu...