The envelope-constrainedfiltering problem is concerned with the design of a filter such that the noise enhancement is minimized while the noiseless filter response stays within an envelope. Naturally, the optimum filter response to the prescribed input signal tends to touch the output boundaries at some points. Consequently, any disturbance to the prescribed input signal could result in the out...

The Kalman filter is a recursive Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) for a linear dynamic system with uncorrelated white process and measurement noises. It has been extended to the case where the noises are Markov and/or crosscorrelated for the same time instant. This paper presents optimal batch and semi-recursive filters and a suboptimal recursive filter for a linear discrete-time system wi...

Estimation of local spatial structure has a long history and numerous analysis tools have been developed. A concept that is widely recognized as fundamental in the analysis is the structure tensor. However, precisely what it is taken to mean varies within the research community. We present a new method for structure tensor estimation which is a generalization of many of it’s predecessors. The m...

Semi-automated processing of microscopy images can significantly enhance the capacity for objective nanostructure characterization. However, background complexity, intricate object features and overlapping of objects can make this a difficult task. Here we describe use of the Gabor filter [1, 2] to facilitate the identification and outlines of the top surfaces of nanowires of zinc oxide (ZnO), ...

conclusion by comparing the results, we saw that w/rh anode/filter combination is the best choice in breast mammography imaging because of the lowest delivered dose in comparison with w/ag and rh/al. moreover, breast thickness and g value have significant effects on mgd. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the average absorbed dose of x-ray radiation in the glandular tissue of the...

We generalize the concept of a 2-coloring of a graph to what we call a semibalanced coloring by relaxing a certain discrepancy condition on the shortest-paths hypergraph of the graph. Let G be an undirected, unweighted, connected graph with n vertices and m edges. We prove that the number of different semi-balanced colorings of G is: (1) at most nþ 1 if G is bipartite; (2) at most m if G is non...

Let ? be a lattice in a simple higher rank Lie group G. We describe all locally compact (not necessarily Lie) groups H in which ? can be embedded as a lattice. For lattices ? in rank one groups G (with the only exception of non-uniform lattices in G ' SL 2 (R), which are virtually free groups) we give a similar description of all possible locally compact groups H, in which ? can be embedded as ...

BACKGROUND Optimising filter life and performance efficiency in continuous renal replacement therapy has been a focus of considerable recent research. Larger high quality studies have predominantly focussed on optimal anticoagulation however CRRT is complex and filter life is also affected by vascular access, circuit and management factors. We performed a systematic search of the literature to ...