structural health monitoring of cracked structures is one of beloved subject of researchers recently. consider of crack behavior in the water and energy pipeline is important because of environmental problems. in this paper consider of crack parameters in the underwater pipe subjected to mechanical transient load is investigated. for this purpose, three- dimensional parametric model of cracked ...

We study the dominant central giant elliptical galaxies in “Fossil groups” using deep optical (R-band) and near infrared (Ks-band) photometry. These galaxies are as luminous as the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), raising immediate interest in their link to the formation of BCGs and galaxy clusters. However, despite apparent similarities, the dominant fossil galaxies show non-boxy isophotes, ...

Economical design with sufficient fracture resistance is of high importance in any offshore pipeline projects. Using an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA), alternate acceptance criteria for pipeline girth weld inspection can significantly reduce the cost of constructing of offshore oil and gas pipeline by minimizing unnecessary repairs. Offshore pipelines consist of short pipeline segments c...

Some cyclically loaded components such as mooring chains can develop fatigue cracks in locations where the shape of part is equivalent to that a curved or bent round bar. Here we consider semi-elliptical crack growing from surface This geometry for example represent chain link segment with located at its inner- outer radius. The be either almond shaped, sickle shaped straight-fronted. Stress in...

PURPOSE To investigate the clinical and radiologic outcomes following treatment of intertrochanteric fractures using the Compression Hip Nail® (CHN), which has a sliding lag screw. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight cases of intertrochanteric fractures treated with CHN from November 2012 to October 2013 and followed-up for >6 months were included. The patient population consisted of 11 men an...

Electron therapy is widely used to treat shallow tumors because of its characteristic sharp dose fall-off beyond a certain range. A customized cutout is typically applied to block radiation to normal tissues. Determining the final monitor unit (MU) for electron treatment requires an output factor for the cutout, which is usually generated by measurement, especially for highly irregular cutouts....

Certain symmetry properties of Hamiltonian systems possessing hyperbolic fixed points with homoclinic and heteroclinic saddle connections are exploited to conclude chaotic dynamics are present under time periodic perturbations. Specifically, the theorems are applied to a set of exact solutions to the semi-geostrophic equations in an elliptical elliptical tank. Introduction We start this paper o...