People overestimate their knowledge, at times claiming knowledge of concepts, events, and people that do not exist and cannot be known, a phenomenon called overclaiming. What underlies assertions of such impossible knowledge? We found that people overclaim to the extent that they perceive their personal expertise favorably. Studies 1a and 1b showed that self-perceived financial knowledge positi...

comparative literature is an important area of literarystudies with a long history. the comparative study of writers and poets canshed light on the impact of various thoughts among different cultures. sohrabsepehri, as one of the eminent contemporary poets of iran, and williamwordsworth, one of the founders of romantic poetry in england are chosen forthis research. the employment of some romant...

This paper proposes to link the concepts of self-organization and adaptive memory programming (AMP) in the field of optimization metaheuristics. The self-organization is described within the framework of biology and the AMP is defined. The main categories of the metaheuristics using these two concepts are described and uses of the self-organization and the AMP are highlighted. MOTS-CLÉS : optim...

This article presents the attitude of ESP learners towards the role of Self-Access Language Learning Centres in improving their reading comprehension. It provides an evaluation of the success of these contents as well as an interpretation of students’ understanding of the related concepts. Finally it identifies factors that enhance or hinder the successful implementation of Self-Access Language...

Motivational Spiral Models (MSM) show links over time among self concepts, feelings, strategies, skills and participation in everyday activities. In theory, MSM have many common features, with distinct features in particular contexts. This project examined children's motivation to participate in literacy (MSM-L), social (MSM-S) and physical activities (MSM-P). The participants in Study 1 (N = 3...

The article examines the issues of comparison private regulation and self-regulation economic activity, highlights their types features means. Private should be understood as: external (carried out by non-governmental organizations, business associations, self-regulatory entities to resolve with third parties) internal (created regulate own activities). Understanding content regulation, activit...