Abstract The dynamic response of the retaining structures is a complex issue, and major challenge in their design, especially under seismic loading conditions. So reliable efficient solution following computational approach, closer to reality, required obtain satisfactory results. Hence, this study came clarify effectiveness PLAXIS 3D program predicting performance, accuracy, reliability walls....

The mechanical properties of masonry, both in the linear elastic range and after onset damage, are dependent on geometric its constituent materials: units mortar. Finite element micromodelling, while capable providing accurate comprehensive results, is associated with high computational costs modelling effort. On other hand, micromechanical homogenisation masonry composite provides an attractiv...