Two color laser pulses are used to form an air plasma and generate broadband infrared radiation suitable as a seed for backward Raman amplification of CO2 pulses. Broadband in the atmospheric window from 8 14 μm is observed. The characterized using long wavelength grating spectrometer specially designed accept ionizing filament at its input plane. yield greatly enhanced by chirping drive pulse,...

This study investigated the suitability of stone fruit seed as a source biodiesel for transport. Stone oil (SFO) was extracted from and converted into biodiesel. The yield 95.75% produced using alkaline catalysed transesterification process with methanol-to-oil molar ratio 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration 0.5 wt% (weight %), reaction temperature 55 °C 60 min. physicochemical properties were dete...

conservation and restoration of biodiversity is very important for degraded rangeland ecosystems. it is necessary to assess the potential of soil seed bank as a major source of species. in this study, the soil seed bank size and composition were compared between exclosure and grazed areas. this was done in chahar-bagh rangelands in golestan province. soil was sampled in exclosure and grazing fr...

BACKGROUND Agri-environment schemes play an increasingly important role for the conservation of rare plants in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. However, little is known about their effects on gene flow via pollen dispersal between populations of these species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a 2-year experiment, we observed effective pollen dispersal from source populations of C...

Seed oil content is an important trait of nut seeds, and it is affected by the import of carbon from photosynthetic sources. Although green leaves are the main photosynthetic organs, seed sarcotesta photosynthesis also supplies assimilates to seed development. Understanding the relationship between seed photosynthesis and seed development has theoretical and practical significance in the cultiv...