The conventional input-output model has been widely criticised, both justly and unjustly, for its limiting assumptions. One of these assumptions is homogeneity of degree one. This paper explores some approaches to minimise this limitation of traditional input-output analysis by removing the assumption of linear coefficients for the intermediate and household sectors. As is well documented in th...

Carbon footprints have been widely employed as an indicator for total carbon dioxide released by human activities. In this paper, we implemented a multi-regional input-output framework to evaluate the carbon footprints and embodied carbon flows for the eight regions of China from consumption-based perspective. It is found that the construction, electricity/stream supply, and machine manufacturi...

‎in this paper, using the idea of convexificators, we study boundedness and nonemptiness of lagrange multipliers satisfying the first order necessary conditions. we consider a class of nons- mooth fractional programming problems with equality, inequality constraints and an arbitrary set constraint. within this context, define generalized mangasarian-fromovitz constraint qualification and show t...

While the value of agriculture to Canadian economy is well established, its extensive indirect and induced through upstream downstream industries not. Input-Output (I/O) analyzes are a common tool that measure direct, impacts an industry entire economy. We reviewed I/O used economic multipliers estimate total contribution agricultural Canada's Reports underwent data extraction for output, Gross...

The decline of China's energy intensity slowed since 2000. During 2002–2005 it actually increased, reversing the long-term trend. Therefore, it is important to identify drivers of the fluctuation of energy intensity. We use input–output structural decomposition analysis to investigate the contributions of changes in energy mix, sectoral energy efficiency, production structure, final demand stru...

Because firms invest heavily in R&D, software, brands, and other intangible assets—at a rate close to that of tangible assets—changes in measured GDP, which does not include all intangible investments, understate the actual changes in total output. If changes in the labor input are more precisely measured, then it is possible to observe little change in measured total factor productivity (TFP) ...

Classical methods for automatic verification of circuits, such as the famous Binary Decision Diagrams introduced in [Bry86] are very inefficient for verifying multipliers. Bryant proved in [Bry86] that whatever the chosen ordering of the variables is, there exists an output of the multiplier whose BDD representation has an exponential size, which is unsuitable for common-size (e.g. 32 or 64 bit...

Multiplication is frequently required in digital signal processing. Parallel multipliers provide a high-speed method for multiplication, but require large area for VLSI implementations. In most signal processing applications, a rounded product is desired to avoid growth in word size. Thus an important design goal is to reduce the area requirement of the rounded output multiplier. This paper pre...

The Digital Image processing applications like medical imaging, satellite imaging, Biometric trait images etc., rely on multipliers to improve the quality of image. However, existing multiplication techniques introduce errors in the output with consumption of more time, hence error free high speed multipliers has to be designed. In this paper we propose FPGA based Recursive Error Free Mitchell ...

Developing countries exhibit a more uncertain economic environment than developed countries. Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay in particular, display high levels of real exchange rate uncertainty. Moreover, a succession of trade agreements among them, culminating in the creation of Mercosur in 1991 have increased intra-regional trade. This paper examines empirically the impact of real-effective-exc...