The initial cephalic phase of insulin secretion is mediated through the vagus nerve and not due to glycemic stimulation pancreatic ?-cells. Recently, IL-1? was shown stimulate postprandial secretion. Here, we describe that this incretin-like effect involves neuronal transmission. Further found release by originating from long-lived CX3CR1+ myeloid cells. Moreover, activated induce regulated act...

Abstract Small GTPases of the Rab family play important roles in membrane trafficking and autophagy. Previous studies have shown that small GTPase Sec4 is involved vegetative growth, protein secretion, pathogenicity fungal phytopathogens. In this study, BcSec4, an ortholog yeast Sec4p protein, was characterized Botrytis cinerea . The ΔBcSEC4 mutant produces many abnormal conidiophores; it thus ...

purpose: to report a case of duane's retraction syndrome with dry eye. patient and findings: an 18-year-old girl presented with chief complaint of limited abduction in her right eye. best corrected visual acuity was od: 8/10 and os: 9/10. ocular motility examination revealed severe abduction limitation (-4), mild adduction limitation (-1), and moderate upshoot and mild downshoot in the rig...

this study was carried out on 10 crossbred male sheep aged 1-1.5 year. an innervated crosskopf abomasal fundic pouch was made in each animal and effect o f starvation an d feeding on abomasal volume and composition were assesed . the results indicated that during starvation, volume of secretion , total acidity and k concentration decreased to a low level, while ph and na concentration reached h...

The first phase of insulin secretion is altered during the early stages diabetes and followed by progressive loss ability glucose to stimulate secretion. primary causes secretory defects are still unknown. Better understanding signaling pathways linked activation G-protein–coupled receptors their mutual interactions in β-cells remains crucial. This represents a prerequisite for any strategy dev...

Background: The risk of infectious, autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases and cancers rise in opioid addicts due to changes in innate and acquired immune responses. Three types of opioid receptors (К،δ،μ) are expressed on the surface of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. The present study was designed to examine the effects of different concentrations of opium on the secretion of some c...

Obesity is a main reason of type 2 diabetes and also chronic exposure to arsenic (As)can produce diabetic symptoms. In previous studies, the association between high-fat dietand arsenic in the incidence of diabetes was found, but the role of beta cells activity, livermitochondrial oxidative stress, and hepatic enzymes (leptin, adiponectin and beta amylase)was unclear. Thus, present study was co...