This paper simplifies the energy recovery process in the series hydraulic hybrid bus’ energy regeneration system into a process in which the main axle’s moment of inertia drives the secondary element variable delivery pump/motor and brings hydraulic oil from the oil tank to the accumulator. This process enables braking of the vehicle and also allows recovery of energy to the accumulator. Based ...

In the present study, changes in benthic communities due to seasonal changes in the water of the southern Caspian Basin were investigated. Sampling was conducted monthly, from March 2006 to March 2007, at six selected stations in Tajan River mouth located on south eastern Caspian Sea. Also secondary benthic production consumable for fish and other biota inhabiting the mouth and adjacent areas w...

We previously showed that CD8+ T cells are required for optimal primary immunity to low dose Leishmania major infection. However, it is not known whether immunity induced by low dose infection is durable and whether CD8+ T cells contribute to secondary immunity following recovery from low dose infection. Here, we compared primary and secondary immunity to low and high dose L. major infections a...

Decline in executive functioning (EF) is a hallmark of cognitive aging. We have previously reported that faster vagal recovery from cognitive challenge is associated with better EF. This study examined the association between vagal recovery from cognitive challenge and age-related differences in EF among 817 participants in the Midlife in the U.S. study (aged 35-86). Cardiac vagal control was m...

Sir: In the only 2 studies that estimate prevalence of mania secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI), Jorge et al. diagnosed mania in 9% of 66 consecutive brain-injured patients and Van Reekum et al. found 22% of 18 TBI patients developed a bipolar spectrum disorder after mild or moderate TBI. Both of these estimates are higher than the known lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder, which i...

Prediction measures of recovery and outcome after stroke perform with only modest levels of accuracy if based only on clinical data. Prediction scores can be improved by including morphologic imaging data, where size, location, and development of the ischemic lesion is best documented by magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to the primary lesion, the involvement of fiber tracts contributes t...