In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product analysis, a comparison of target amplicon yield to such PCR artifacts as primer-dimers and misprimed secondary products is essential in PCR assay optimization. This process requires accurate and reproducible measurement of amplified DNA products over a wide range of sizes and concentrations. The 2100 Bioanalyzer is ideally suited to provide rapid quant...

let r be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and m be a unital r-module. then the concept of quasi-secondary submodules of m is introduced and some results concerning this class of submodules is obtained