Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury. The management of such injuries has been much debated and surgical reconstruction with an autograft is a popular option. Here the evidence on the use of two popular candidates (the patellar tendon and hamstring tendons) are compared in an attempt to discover the superior or to gain an indication of factors that may influence th...

The nerve originates from the L2/L3 segments and travels down, lateral to the psoas muscle. It crosses the iliacus muscle deep to the fascia and then passes through or under the lateral part of the inguinal ligament. It runs superficially and divides into anterior and posterior branches to innervate the lateral thigh. The course of the nerve can be variable. One study of cadaveric specimens fou...

Introduction The ligament and vein of Marshall (VOM), with its richly innervated sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, runs epicardially between the coronary sinus (CS) and left pulmonary veins (LPVs), and can serve as a trigger and substrate for reentry of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial tachycardia. Here we describe the case of an AF patient with preferential conduction and decremental ...

During routine dissection a subclavius posticus muscle was found on the left side of a male cadaver. This muscle arose from the upper margin of the scapula and transverse scapular ligament, inserted in the superior side of the first rib cartilage, and was innervated by a small branch from the suprascapular nerve. The anatomical relationships of the supernumerary muscle with the brachial plexus ...

The trapezius muscle originates on the occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra (C7) and all of the thoracic vertebrae (Figure 1). It has three parts. The superior portion (descending fibers) terminates on the posterior margin and superior side of the lateral third of the clavicle. The transverse portion (middle fibers) terminates on the medial margin of the...

Patients were divided in 4 groups (Habermayer classification) and evaluated for an unstable LHBT:10 patients had superior gleno-humeral ligament (SGHL) tear (Type I),16 patients SGHL and supraspinatus (SSP) tendon tears (Type II),21 patients SGHL and subscapularis (SSC) tendon tears (Type III) and 23 patients SGHL, SSP and SSC tears (Type IV). At arthroscopy 2 patients were negative,8 patients ...

autogenous tooth transplantation (att) is a simple and reasonable choice for replacing the missing teeth when a proper donor tooth is available. this report presents a case of successful att of a maxillary right third molar for replacement of mandibular right second molar with a concomitant endodontic-periodontal disease. the mandibular second molar was believed to be hopeless due to a severe d...

Meralgia paresthetica is a rarely encountered sensory mononeuropathy characterized by paresthesia, pain or sensory impairment along the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) caused by entrapment or compression of the nerve as it crossed the anterior superior iliac spine and runs beneath the inguinal ligament. There is great variability regarding the area where the nerve pie...