We investigate the second spectrum of charge carrier density fluctuations in graphene within McWorther model, where noise is induced by electron traps substrate. Within this simple picture, we obtain a closed-form expression including both Gaussian and non-Gaussian fluctuations. show that very extended distribution switching rates substrate leads to power with non-trivial structure on scale mea...

In this paper, we assess the applicability of auctions based on the Vickrey second price model for allocating wireless spectrum in developing countries. We first provide an overview of auction models for allocating resources. We then examine the experience of auctioning spectrum in different countries. Based on this examination, we posit some axioms that seem to have to be satisfied when alloca...

In June 1998, the Alpha magnetic spectrometer AMS [1] had a test flight on board space shuttle and recorded some 108 events. The AMS proton and leptons spectrum [2, 3] have a magnetic latitude dependence. The spectral shape of primary cosmic rays can be explained by the geomagnetic rigidity cutoff. However, below the rigidity cutoff, a second spectrum was clearly seen. The energy of this second...

We consider a convex combination of matrices that arise in the study of communication networks and the corresponding convex combination of Kronecker squares of these matrices. We show that the spectrum of the first convex combination is contained in the spectrum of the second set and that the second largest eigenvalues coincide.

In this paper, we address dynamic spectrum access for Primary Operators (POs) for LTEAdvanced systems. We propose a dynamic spectrum access framework that exploits the capabilities of carrier aggregation to efficiently utilize the unutilized spectrum which varies with time and space when static spectrum access policies are adopted. A spectrum owner (SO) adopts an auction scheme for accessing sp...

background: the objective of this study is to establish raman signatures from pure cultures of different candida species using raman spectroscopy (rs) and use these signatures for rapid identification of unknown candida species. methods: pure cultures of five candida species were evaluated using rs to build a limited signature library. ‘raman processing’ (rp) software was used for principal com...