Executive function (EF) has been defined as a multifaceted construct that involves a variety of high-level cognitive abilities such as planning, working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibition. Being able to identify deficits in EF is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of several neurodegenerative disorders, and thus their assessment is a topic of much debate. In particular, there ha...

Aim: The assessment of the nutritional status hospitalized patients is important to detect individuals who are under malnourishment risk and malnutrition-related conditions. present study aimed screen with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) screening compare results two methods in predicting malnutrition. Materials Methods: NRS-2002 SGA were administer...

OBJECTIVE In 2007 in Massachusetts, a settlement of a class-action lawsuit on behalf of Medicaid beneficiaries mandated that primary care practices perform developmental, behavioral, and mental health screening using formal tools. The aim of this study was to assess perspectives from providers and practice staff about implementing developmental and mental health screening in response to the jud...

CONTEXT Intimate partner violence (IPV) screening remains controversial. Major medical organizations mandate screening, whereas the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) cautions that there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening. An effective IPV screening program must include a screening tool with sound psychometric properties. A systematic review was conducted t...

Although distress is common among people with cancer, the current standard of care does not include consistent distress screening. To acquire or maintain accreditation, the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer will require cancer centers to have a distress screening program in place by 2015. When evaluating tools to screen for distress in patients with cancer, researchers should ev...

According to the literature, 12 to 16 percent of children in the United States have at least one developmental delay, yet as many as one-half of affected children will not be identified by the time they enter kindergarten. If developmental delays are detected too late, opportunities for early intervention may be lost. Empirical literature on clinical recommendations for developmental delay scre...

Early detection of dementia is essential to guide front-line health care practitioners in further clinical evaluations and treatments. There is a paucity of literature assessing the effectiveness of screening tools to predict the development of dementia, thus we conducted a systematic review to fill this gap. The purpose of the systematic review was to make recommendations to health care practi...

BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most common cause of neurobehavioural handicap in North America. Screening for FASD may facilitate diagnosis and hence management of these children. We present a variety of screening tools for the identification of children at risk for FASD. METHODS We critically reviewed and evaluated published and practiced methods for their potential...

background: toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite, which infects one-third population of world. humans and animals acquire infection by ingesting oocytes from feces of cats or by meat of other animals having cysts that may lead to congenital, ocular or cephalic toxoplasmosis. either it is important to detect t. gondii from meat of food animals from retail shops or directly at slaughter...