avicenna, a muslim scientist of the tenth and eleventh centuries has an important place in the history of medicine in iran and the world. furthermore, the modern medicine is laid upon the infrastructure of his medicine. in this article, the position of avicenna in the medical history and the scientific influence of his medical works in particular al-canon in the development of medical literatur...

Background: Household food insecurity is defined as the limited or uncertain access to adequate and safe food or limited ability to obtain food in a socially acceptable manner. Preeclampsia is a severe case of high-risk pregnancy, which endangers the health of women across the world, especially in developing countries. The current study aimed to use the nutritional deficiencies theory in pathog...

Although projective techniques continue to be widely used in clinical and forensic settings, their scientific status remains highly controversial. In this monograph, we review the current state of the literature concerning the psychometric properties (norms, reliability, validity, incremental validity, treatment utility) of three major projective instruments: Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Ap...

Critics of homeopathy often claim that it is non-scientific. By offering adequate tools for the analysis of the foundations, structure and implications of scientific theories, philosophy of science can help to clarify this medical controversy. However, homeopathy has not yet attracted the attention of philosophers of science to any noticeable extent. Among the many topics to which philosophy of...

man's past condition is related to his present life and history means surveying the quality of the past activities whose traces remain in the present time. the main field of historical research is man's past life, the stages which have been put behind in the process of evolution and changes as well as progresses made in these stages. history is a means to provide human beings with a complete in...

this paper examines the historical development of operations research (or) and represents different or methods (methodologies) developed during its lifetime. then, considering thomas kuhn’s paradigm model of scientific development as a basis for our work, the former and current status of or are analyzed and the future trend is discussed.

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