Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering is based on minimizing the fuzzy within cluster scatter matrix trace but FCM neglects the between cluster scatter matrix trace that controls the distances between the class centroids. Based on the principle of cluster centers separation, fuzzy cluster centers separation (FCCS) clustering is an extended fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. FCCS attaches import...

LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) is a data discrimination technique that seeks the transformation to maximize the ratio of the scatter between classes and the scatter within each class. Although it has been applied to several applications successfully, it has two limitations that (i) it fails to discriminate the data with complex distributions since each class data is assumed to be distribute...

High-dimensionality of data and the small sample size problem are two significant limitations for applying subspace methods which are favored by face recognition. In this paper, a new linear dimension reduction method called locally uncorrelated discriminant projections (LUDP) is proposed, which addresses the two problems from a new aspect. More specifically, we propose a locally uncorrelated c...

The scatter-gather event pattern is commonly used in many high-performance codes to deliver data subsets for use in data-parallel processes and return the results. There are a number of collective algorithms and multiple collective calls in the ubiquitous Message Passing Interface standards which perform aspects of gathering. Programmers have traditionally been left to their own devices, howeve...

Soft tissue images from portable cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners can be used for diagnosis and detection of tumor, cancer, intracerebral hemorrhage, and so forth. Due to large field of view, X-ray scattering which is the main cause of artifacts degrades image quality, such as cupping artifacts, CT number inaccuracy, and low contrast, especially on soft tissue images. In this work,...

PURPOSE Scattered radiation from multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) is no longer negligible for calculating in-air output ratio, Sc for small and irregular fields often used in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). An extra-focal source model for scattered radiation from MLCs, namely MLC scatter source, has been developed to improve the accuracy of the Sc calculation. METHODS A conventiona...

The second Radio Aurora Explorer satellite, RAX-2, is a triple CubeSat studying the formation of plasma irregularities in Earth’s ionosphere. The spacecraft was developed jointly by SRI International and the University of Michigan, and it is the first satellite funded by the National Science Foundation. RAX-2 launched October 28, 2011 and is currently operating on orbit. RAX uses a bistatic rad...

In pattern recognition, feature extraction techniques have been widely employed to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional data. In this paper, we propose a novel feature extraction algorithm called membership-degree preserving discriminant analysis (MPDA) based on the fisher criterion and fuzzy set theory for face recognition. In the proposed algorithm, the membership degree of each samp...

Scatter correction is crucial to the quality of reconstructed images in x-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Most of existing scatter correction methods assume smooth scatter distributions. The high-frequency scatter noise remains in the projection images even after a perfect scatter correction. In this paper, using a clinical CBCT system and a measurement-based scatter correction, the a...