Until 1948 notching of the ribs was considered to be pathognomonic of coarctation of the aorta. Batchelder and Williams (1948), however, drew attention to unilateral notching of the ribs in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot. Unilateral notching is rare, but can occur on the right side when the coarctation is proximal to, or includes, the left subclavian artery (Bayley and Holoubek, 1940; Campb...

Water polo is an intense sport with extreme physical contact and repetitive shoulder motion that predisposes to injury. The continuous scapular motion and recruitment of the scapular stabilizers to maintain buoyancy expose water polo athletes to the risk of scapular stress fracture. Suspicion should arise when evaluating water polo athletes presenting with shoulder pain.

The scapula serves many roles in order for proper shoulder function to occur. These roles include providing synchronous scapular rotation during humeral motion, serving as a stable base for rotator cuff activation and functioning as a link in the kinetic chain. Each role is vital to proper arm function and can only occur when the anatomy around the shoulder is uncompromised. The presence of bon...

Study Design: Case control group study. Objectives: To compare scapular position and orientation between baseball players with and without pathologic internal impingement. Background: Scapular dysfunction has been implicated as a contributor to throwing-related pathologic internal impingement of the shoulder due to its role in increasing the contact between the greater tuberosity and posterior-...

BACKGROUND Scapular dyskinesis, or abnormal dynamic scapular control, is a condition that is commonly associated with shoulder pathology but is also present in asymptomatic individuals. Literature varies on whether it represents a cause or symptom of shoulder pathology, but it is believed to be a risk factor for further injury. Clinical identification focuses on visual observation and examinati...

UNLABELLED The impaired performance of the muscles of the scapular region may result in injuries, fatigue, weakness and pain. The main objective of this research was to analyze the scapular positioning during the abduction of the shoulder movement in the frontal, scapular and sagittal plans. METHOD This cross-sectional study comprised a convenience sample of 20 individuals. It was used the di...

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the correlations among scapular asymmetry, neck pain, and neck disability index in women in their 20s with slight neck pain. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 60 female students at U university in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea, participated in this study. The lateral scapular slide test, which measures the distance between the thorax and scapula, was us...

Bones of the postcranial skeleton of higher vertebrates originate from either somitic mesoderm or somatopleural layer of the lateral plate mesoderm. Controversy surrounds the origin of the scapula, a major component of the shoulder girdle, with both somitic and lateral plate origins being proposed. Abnormal scapular development has been described in the naturally occurring undulated series of m...

OBJECTIVE To study the role of uterine artery notch on color Doppler ultrasound and roll over test in prediction of PIH. METHODS 100 women with high risk pregnancies were studied for presence or absence of uterine artery diastolic notch by Doppler ultrasound at 16-28 weeks. Same women were then subjected to roll over test at 28-32 weeks. RESULTS The primary outcome was that uterine diastoli...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thoracic extension exercise on scapular alignment and thoracic kyphosis angle. [Subjects and Methods] Ten subjects with a kyphosis angle ≥40° and aged between 20 and 26 years participated in this study. This study investigated the scapular forward distance and thoracic kyphosis angle before and after the thoracic extension ex...