The most definitive, accurate, and reliable method for diagnosing oral mucosal lesions is the scalpel biopsy. The oral brush biopsy coupled with computerassisted analysis (OralCDx, OralScan Laboratories, Inc., Suffern, NY) has been developed as a technique for evaluating unexplained clinically detectable alterations of the surface epithelium of the oral mucosa whether cancer or precancer is sus...

The aim of this clinical article is to review the methods of depigmentation of melanin pigmentation of gingiva and explain scalpel surgical technique for depigmentation of gingiva.

Optimal results can be obtained on direct restorations by the application of layering procedures that combine the accurate morphological insertion of restorative materials with the knowledge of the optical and mechanical properties of both composite resin and natural hard dental tissue. Even if the finishing procedures on restorations, such as margination (the trimming of margins), are minimize...

Objective: To determine whether harmonic scalpel has any advantage over Ligasure tonsillectomy or not in terms of blood loss, duration surgery, pain scores and slough separation time. Study Design: Double Blind Cross Sectional study. Setting: Faisalabad Medical University Affiliated Institutions. Period: January to June 2022. Material & Methods: Seventy patients total were selected divided ...

Surface junction thermocouples are used extensively for transient heat flux measurements, but their accuracy is dependent on the effective thermal product (TP) of the gauge and this can be a function of the time scale of interest. In the present work the response of surface junction k-type thermocouples was investigated experimentally using a water droplet calibration technique (for millisecond...