Large, macroeconomic shocks in the past have been shown to influence economic decisions present. We study an experiment with 743 subjects whether small-scale, seemingly negligible, events also affect formation of risk preferences. In line a reinforcement learning model, we find that who won random lottery took significantly more second almost year later. The same pattern emerges another 136 whe...

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable Technological Formation Scale measure Knowledge (TK) Pedagogical (TPK) which are main components Content (TPACK). Technology seems have an important place in teacher training education. It seen that only (PCK) not sufficient today. Therefore, the measurement tools including 21st century requirements information communication technologies ...

In this paper, we analyze the effects of expansion on large scale structure formation in our Universe. We do that by incorporating a cosmological constant term gravitational partition function. This function with is used for analyzing thermodynamics system. virial system, and obtain its equation state. It observed generalization state like Van der Waals equation. also phase transition system us...