Two recently discovered short-period comets (P/1997 T3 (Lagerkvist-Carsenty) and P/1998 U3 (Jäger)) were found, by means of numerical integrations, to have recently encountered Saturn, leading to drastic orbital changes. In both cases the orbit was transformed from a Saturn-dominated regime (roughly tangential to Saturn’s orbit) into a deep Jupiter-crossing orbit. For P/1997 T3 a close encounte...

Investigated here are factors that control the intensities and shapes of energetic ion spectra that make up the ring current populations of the strongly magnetized planets of the solar system, specifically those of Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Following a previous and similar comparative investigation of radiation belt electrons, we here turn our attention to ions. Specifically,...

[1] With the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn in July 2004, there have been quasi-continuous observations of Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) emissions. Exploration of the nightside magnetosphere has revealed evidence of plasmoid-like magnetic structures and other phenomena indicative of the Kronian equivalent of terrestrial substorms. In general, there is a good correlation between...

Further studies of the Saturnian magnetosphere and planetary magnetic field by Voyager 2 have substantiated the earlier results derived from Voyager 1 observations in 1980. The magnetic field is primarily that of a centered dipole (moment = 0.21 gauss-RS(3); where one Saturn radius, RS, is 60,330 kilometers) tilted approximately 0.8 degrees from the rotation axis. Near closest approach to Satur...

Among the icy satellites of Saturn, Iapetus shows a striking dichotomy between its leading and trailing hemispheres, the former being significantly darker than the latter. Thanks to the VIMS imaging spectrometer on-board Cassini, it is now possible to investigate the spectral features of the satellites in Saturn system within a wider spectral range and with an enhanced accuracy than with previo...

Interior model calculations of Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune require EOS-data of hydrogen, helium and water in the regime of warm dense matter. In case of Saturn, the pressure in the deep interior rises up to 15 Mbar at 600010000 K and a hydrogen mass fraction of at least 40%. In Jupiter, due to his larger total mass compared to Saturn, the high-pressure region is more extended with pressures up ...

Fingerlings of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were used in an ecotoxicological investigation. The fish were exposed to (0.3-10 mg/l) Machete, (3-5 mg/l) Saturn, (1.5-13 mg/l) Diazinon and (1-10 mg/l) Malathion to measure the toxicity effect of these chemicals on mortality, feeding and ingestion rate. Methods for investigation on mortality were according to TRC (1984) and feeding beha...

We present ’empirical’ models (pressure vs. density) of Saturn’s interior constrained by the gravitational coefficients J2, J4, and J6 for different assumed rotation rates of the planet. The empirical pressure-density profile is interpreted in terms of a hydrogen and helium physical equation of state to deduce the hydrogen to helium ratio in Saturn and to constrain the depth dependence of heliu...