Recent progress in understanding general properties of high energy scattering near the unitarity limit, where high density gluon components of the wavefunction are dominant, is reviewed. The similarity of the QCD problem and that of reaction-diffusion processes in statistical physics is emphasized. The energy dependence of the saturation momentum and the status of geometric scaling are discussed.

A statistical mechanical based equation of state has been employed to calculate the liquid density of lead, mercury, bismuth and lead-bismuth and lead-lithium eutectic alloys.The equation is basically that of Song, Mason and Ihm [Ihm G, Song Y, Mason EA. J. Chem. Phys.1991; 94: 3839] which is modified by Ghatee and Boushehri. Three temperature dependent parameters are required to use this e...

We show that the widely used parabolic approximation to the Equation of State (EOS) of asymmetric nuclear matter leads systematically to significantly higher core-crust transition densities and pressures. Using an EOS for neutron-rich nuclear matter constrained by the isospin diffusion data from heavy-ion reactions in the same sub-saturation density range as the neutron star crust, the density ...

The solubility of fluorinated refrigerants in lubrication oil affects not only the stability performance of vapor compression refrigeration system, but also the safety control of start~up. It can cause oil foaming and reduction of viscosity, resulting in liquid slugging and improper lubrication. To void the deleterious effects, an oil heater is often used. But improper heater power can cause oi...

Recently, the development of environmentally friendly refrigerants has emerged as a major issue in industry. Owing to high cost developing new refrigerants, falling-film evaporators are attracting increasing interest, given their reduced refrigerant usage compared with flooded evaporators. In falling–film evaporators, distributor at top evaporator uniformly delivers through multiple holes over ...

The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) has been widely restricted. They have been replaced with hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in order to protect the ozone layer. However, the leakage of refrigerant into the air from active or end-of-life air conditioners is a serious environmental issue owing to the high global warming potential (GWP) of HFCs. Therefore, replaci...

Domestic refrigerator-freezers are very widely used for food preservation. There is still growing demand especially in developing countries like India. The growth rate in India for domestic refrigerators is about 15 percent. A large inventory of such appliances exists in India. In recent years, an emphasis is paid to improve the energy efficiency of domestic refrigerator-freezers have to reduce...

The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) recently completed the first phase of its low global warming potential alternative refrigerants evaluation program (Low-GWP AREP). This industry-wide cooperative research program identified and evaluated promising alternative refrigerants’ performance over the past two years. Thirty-eight low-GWP refrigerants were tested during t...

This review presents the nucleate/convective boiling performance for a variety of important low global warming potential (LGWP) alternatives to commonly used high-global (GWP) refrigerants (such as R-134a, R404A, and R-410A, etc.). Efforts are stressed on assessment their evaporation pressure drop heat transfer coefficient (HTC) characteristics. These include R-1234ze(Z), R-1234ze(E), R-1233zd ...