principal function of insulin in the liver is to suppress glucose production when blood glucose concentrations increase. This process is impaired in hepatic insulin resistance and contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia. The development of hepatic insulin resistance is very closely linked to non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabete...

OBJECTIVE To characterize energy and macronutrient intakes in Brazil and to describe the top food items contributing to energy and macronutrient intakes. DESIGN Two non-consecutive 24 h dietary records were collected and energy and macronutrient data were adjusted for usual intake distribution. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test were analysed using SAS version ...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether plasma adropin concentrations are influenced by sleep restriction and correlate with dietary preferences. METHODS Plasma adropin concentrations were measured by ELISA using samples from a study that investigated feeding behavior in sleep deprived lean (body mass index 22-26 kg/m(2) ) men and women aged 30-45 y. Sleep (habitual or restricted to 4h/nigh...

BACKGROUND This applied research was done in order to obtain cooked products (bologna sausages) with significantly lower amounts of energy, total fat and saturated fat and higher amounts of ω-3 fatty acids than conventional ones. Two subsequent experiments were performed. RESULTS Experiment 1 aimed at pork back-fat reduction and enabled sausages to be obtained with 84 g kg⁻¹ fat and 1334 kcal...

Previous experiments have shown that differences between humans in the response of serum cholesterol to dietary cholesterol are at least partly reproducible and stable over a prolonged period. In this study it was investigated whether enhanced sensitivity to dietary cholesterol and saturated fat go together. The subjects had also participated in three or four experiments dealing with the reprod...

BACKGROUND Disturbances of the in utero environment may "program" for disease in later life. In this study, we determined whether dietary fat supplementation and/or diabetes in pregnancy can adversely affect vascular function in the offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a breeding diet or a diet high in saturated fat (30% wt/wt) for 10 days before mating, througho...

In the study of fat metabolism, it is important to examine the behaviour of each constituent fatty acid of the ingested fat under investigation. For this purpose a method is necessary by which a quantitative determination of each of the different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can be carried out, not only in the fat ingested but also in the fat of the blood, chyle and faeces. Reversedpha...

Diets rich in cholesterol and/or saturated fats have been shown to be detrimental to cognitive performance. Therefore, we fed a cholesterol (2%) and saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil, Sat Fat 10%) diet to 16-month old rats for 8 weeks to explore the effects on the working memory performance of middle-aged rats. Lipid profiles revealed elevated plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL,...

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a single high-fat meal with different fat quality on circulating inflammatory markers and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to elucidate the role of fat quality on postprandial inflammation. A postprandial study with fourteen healthy females consuming three test meals with different fat quality was performed. T...

The present study was done to evaluate the breed, sex and sampling site influence on fat-tail and visceral fatty acid composition of five pure and cross bred lambs from three Iranian sheep breeds. Particularly, on the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from two cut-able fat depots (fat-tail and visceral). All animals were managed and finished up together and received the same diet....