among the various of sasanian kings, narseh (293-302 a.d.) is the one whose important and striking rock relief remained at naqsh-i rustam in iran’s fars province. this relief records investiture ceremony from anahita ( known as goddess of fertility and protector of water). until now, various views and interprations have been put forwarded about the real identity and historical theme of this re...

The article presents the study of one group silver coins found on territory CLXXIX excavation site at Bolgar fortified settlement. Almost all them were minted Bulgarian mints during period 1251–1332. total amount, according to authors' calculations, reaches 134 dirhams and fractions. A table is provided indicating weight time minting each type. Also, a treasure consisting 46 was in excavation. ...

Let L ◦ be a propositional language with standard Boolean connectives plus two modalities: an S4-ish topological modality and a temporal modality ◦, understood as ‘next’. We extend the topological semantic for S4 to a semantics for the language L ◦ by interpreting L ◦ in dynamic topological systems, i.e., ordered pairs 〈X, f 〉, where X is a topological space and f is a continuous function on X ...

Let L be a propositional language with standard Boolean connectives plus two modalities: an S4-ish topological modality and a temporal modality , understood as ‘next’. We extend the topological semantic for S4 to a semantics for the language L by interpreting L in dynamic topological systems, i.e. ordered pairs 〈X, f 〉, where X is a topological space and f is a continuous function on X. Artemov...

The completeness of the modal logic S4 for all topological spaces as well as for the real line R, the n-dimensional Euclidean space R and the segment (0, 1) etc. (with 2 interpreted as interior) was proved by McKinsey and Tarski in 1944. Several simplified proofs contain gaps. A new proof presented here combines the ideas published later by G. Mints and M. Aiello, J. van Benthem, G. Bezhanishvi...

Analyses of 71 Roman provincial silver coins of the Julio-Claudian emperors (27 BC–AD 68) minted at Caesarea in Cappadocia and Antioch and Tyre in Syria are discussed in this paper. The finenesses of the alloys are presented and it is proposed that there was a logical relationship between the standards used for Caesarea and Antioch. Trace element profiles and selected lead isotope analyses help...