The WHO Consensus Document on the epidemiology of the SARS epidemic in 2003, included a report on a concentrated outbreak in one Hong Kong housing block which was considered a 'super-spreading event'. The WHO report conjectured that the sanitary plumbing system was one transmission route for the virus. Empty U-traps allowed the aerosolised virus to enter households from the sewerage system. No ...

This paper describes the information system that has been built for the support of sanitary teams. The system is aimed at supporting analytical work which must be carried out when there is a risk of an epidemic outbreak. It is meant to provide tools for predicting the size of an epidemic on the basis of the actual data collected during its course. Since sanitary teams try to control the size of...

AIM This baseline study aims to find out the evaluation of hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of dental medicine cabinets through the verification of certain hygienic aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study conducted consists in monitoring the hygienic/sanitary conditions at the level of 68 dental medicine cabinets (40 private cabinets and 28 school/university dental cabinets in Iasi c...

The Government of India has started a new scheme aimed at offering sanitary pads at a subsidized rate to adolescent girls in rural areas. This paper addresses menstrual health and hygiene practices among adolescent girls in a rural, tribal region of South Gujarat, India, and their experiences using old cloths, a new soft cloth (falalin) and sanitary pads. Qualitative and quantitative data were ...

This report reviews the current context with regard to livestock mobility in Africa and the associated constraints. Concrete examples of transboundary animal diseases of relevance to the continent will be used to shed light on the role of cross-border movements in the persistence and spread of these diseases as well as the sanitary and non-sanitary constraints hampering their prevention and con...

Needs Assessment Survey: A Case of Female Junior High Schoolers’ Parents M. Samiee Zafarghandi, Ph.D. F. Gholami This research was carried out to identify the educational needs of parents of female junior high Schoolers in Ilam Province. The sample size was determined to be 338 based on Morgan’s formula and the participants were chosen through multi-stage sampling ...