Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing rapid urbanisation and many urban residents use groundwater where piped supplies are intermittent or unavailable. This study aimed to investigate long-term changes in groundwater contamination hazards and hand-dug well water quality in two informal settlements in Kisumu city, Kenya. Buildings, pit latrines, and wells were mapped in 1999 and 2013-2014. Sanitary...

This article intends to analyze the supply of speech therapy services by the Brazilian Unified Health System in the city of Salvador. We have made thirty interviews with users at eight healthcare facilities, in differentiated shifts and we verified that the offer of speech therapy, in this city, is directed to medium and high complexity patients. There is a random and unequal distribution of se...

Until recently, few water utilities or researchers were aware of possible virus presence in deep aquifers and wells. During 2008 and 2009 we collected a time series of virus samples from six deep municipal water-supply wells. The wells range in depth from approximately 220 to 300 m and draw water from a sandstone aquifer. Three of these wells draw water from beneath a regional aquitard, and thr...

This paper reports a study regarding households’ willingness to pay for private sector solid waste management services. The data originated from a contingent valuation survey conducted in 224 households in Ilorin in southwest Nigeria and was analysed using tobit and censored least absolute deviations models. The use of a robust and consistent estimator to model zero willingness to pay responses...

9s. 6d.) London: Mills & Boom, 19,64. THIS well produced book has an informal and friendly approach and is designed especially for girls who will soon leave school. It starts with the family in the home and considers personal hygiene, the house, heating and ventilation, water supplies and sanitary services. It has three well-informed and balanced chapters on food, on food poisoning and on the h...