background and aims: influenza is one of the main respiratory infections of humans, responsible for 300,000–500,000 annual deaths world-wide. vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent infections including influenza. influenza virosomes are virus-like particles, which retain the cell binding and membrane fusion properties of the native virus, but lack the ribonucleoprotein (rnp). a virosoma...

conclusions taken together, these data reveal that cellular protease of chicken liver cells allows the replication of high yields of h9n2 virus in the absence of trypsin and also cell death in the infected cells is due to necrosis. results the degree of viability was significantly reduced in infected hepatoma cells. observations of caspase activation and cell dna laddering in infected cells wer...

introduction: tt virus (ttv) is an unenveloped single-stranded circular dna virus. sensitive pcr (polymerase chain reaction) methods with primers designed for very conserved regions of the viral genome (utr) indicate high prevalence (> 90%) of ttv infection in general population of many countries world-wide. although there has been no evidence of its relation to any liver or other specific dise...

Widespread occurrence of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in many Asian countriesduring the past decade has resulted in the need for evaluation of the pathogenesis of H9N2 virus infection. In this study, tissue tropism and dissemination of A/Chicken/Iran/772/1998(H9N2) virus throughout the body of broiler chickens were investigated. The clinical signs, gross lesions and antibo...

Background: The main viral causes of acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) include influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus, and parainfluenza viruses (PIV). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of respiratory RSV, ADV and rhinovirus in patients with flu-like symptoms admitted to Mazandaran province health centers in north of Iran. Metho...

Background: The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I is the first retrovirus idenfied in humans. The virus has been associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, human T-lymphotropic virus type I, myelopathy/tropical spasc paraparesis, uveis, arthris, pulmonary lymphocyc alveolis, keratoconjuncvis sicca, and infecous dermas. Human T-lymphotropic virus type Iis endemic in Japan...

Background and Aims: Influenza is one of the main respiratory infections of humans, responsible for 300,000–500,000 annual deaths world-wide. Vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent infections including influenza. Influenza virosomes are virus-like particles, which retain the cell binding and membrane fusion properties of the native virus, but lack the ribonucleoprotein (RNP). A vi...