Reduced participation of the male population in economic activities is the result of their later entry and earlier leave from the labor market. This earlier exit is not only associated to "early" retirement. Between 1993 and 2013, there was an increase in the number of men aged 50-59 who were not working, not looking for a job, and were not retired (NER) . The literature stresses that work is t...

Work capacity is related to physical, environmental and psychosocial factors and is influenced by individual characteristics and occupations. The aim of this study was to evaluated the relationship between work capacity, gender and age. 360 people employed at an institution of higher education of both genders and similar age were asked to participate in this study. The ability to work was analy...

belief in matter of matters or the prime matter is one of the earliest human beliefs in the field of philosophical thinking. from among the muslim philosophers, the peripatetics have confirmed it and come up with certain arguments; however, some others have not accepted it. in this article, it is tried to critically review the arguments on proving the prime matter and the objections that muslim...

In this article I rebut conservative objections to five phases of embryonic stem cell research. I argue that researchers using existing embryonic stem cell lines are not complicit in the past destruction of embryos because beneficiaries of immoral acts are not necessary morally tainted. Second, such researchers do not encourage the destruction of additional embryos because fertility clinics pre...

Abstract Recently, Erik Baldwin and Tyler McNabb have brought Madhva's epistemological framework into active dialogue with Alvin Plantinga's religious epistemology argued that individuals within tradition cannot make full use of epistemology, according to which, Christian belief resists de jure objections can also warrant. While I do not contest this specific claim, demonstrate an analysis reve...

Abstract Recently, Yujin Nagasawa has argued that “systemic suffering” – suffering inherent in the evolutionary process poses a problem for existentially optimistic theists and atheists who think world is overall good therefore are happy thankful to be alive it. In short, he shows it difficult consistently believe when also recognising existence of systemic suffering. this article, I evaluate s...

G. E. Moore famously observed that to assert ‘I went to the pictures last Tuesday but I do not believe that I did’ would be ‘absurd’. Moore calls it a ‘paradox’ that this absurdity persists despite the fact that what I say about myself might be true. Krista Lawlor and John Perry have proposed an explanation of the absurdity that confines itself to semantic notions while eschewing pragmatic ones...

The authors examined factors related to participation in walking, gardening or yard work, and sports or exercise in 686 community-dwelling adults 60-95 years of age from Wave IV of the population-based Americans' Changing Lives Study. Logistic regression revealed that male gender, being married, and better functional health were associated with greater likelihood of participating in gardening o...