A trademark of eusocial insect species is reproductive division of labor, in which workers forego their own reproduction while the queen produces almost all offspring. The presence of the queen is key for maintaining social harmony, but the specific role of the queen in the evolution of eusociality remains unclear. A long-discussed scenario is that a queen either behaviorally or chemically ster...

Queens in primitively eusocial insect societies are morphologically indistinguishable from their workers, and occupy the highest position in the dominance hierarchy. Such queens are believed to use aggression to maintain worker activity and reproductive monopoly in the colony. However, in the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata, the queen is a strikingly docile individual, who interac...

Nepotism is an important potential conflict in animal societies. However, clear evidence of nepotism in the rearing of queens in social insects is limited and controversial. In the honey bee, Apis mellifera, multiple mating by queens leads to the presence of many patrilines within each colony. When the colonies reproduce through swarming, workers rear a number of new queens, only a few of which...

A novel method to implement a sub-band adaptive beamforming array (SABA) is proposed. The lower and the higher sub-band signals are generated from the incoming full band signal and both the subband signals are optimised directly instead of decimation or down sampling. After optimisation the outputs of both the sub-bands are combined without interpolation or up sampling to generate the desired s...

The presence of TikTok as a social media, well content distribution platform, creates new internet celebrities. Through the work post-based virality logic, allows its users to gain popularity through accumulation audience interaction (engagement) from each uploaded content. Ravellio Bahri is one celebrities whose has skyrocketed because his unique profession Drag Queen that challenges dichotomo...

Abstract Queens were important figures within the court communities of pre-Norman England, their status defined by relationship to king, whether as queen-consort, queen-mother, queen-regent, or queen-dowager. These positions with an attendant degree prestige and authority, but a vulnerability vicissitudes king’s fortunes. Often this would lead periods exile from community. Such exiled queens co...

Worker honeybees, Apis mellifera, police each other's reproduction by killing worker-laid eggs. Previous experiments demonstrated that worker policing is effective, killing most (∼98%) worker-laid eggs. However, many queen-laid eggs were also killed (∼50%) suggesting that effective policing may have high costs. In these previous experiments, eggs were transferred using forceps into test cells, ...

There has been much speculation about which phenotypic traits serve as reliable indicators of productivity in queen honeybees (Apis mellifera). To investigate the predictive value of queen body weight on colony development and quality, we compared colonies in which queens weighed less than 180 mg to those in which queens weighed more than 200 mg. Both groups contained naturally mated and instru...