Focusing attention to a location in 3-D space operates much the same as in 2-D space. Attending a location in 2-D space is followed by a selective inhibitory aftereffect known as inhibition of return (IOR). Here, we report the results of two 3-D reflexive cuing studies in which depth was defined by binocular disparity. As has been shown before, attentional cuing was specific for x-y-z locations...

Let τ(x) be the first time that the reflected process Y of a Lévy process X crosses x > 0. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the joint asymptotic distribution of Y (t) = X(t) − inf0≤s≤t X(s) and the path functionals Z(x) = Y (τ(x)) − x and m(t) = sup0≤s≤t Y (s) − y∗(t), for a certain non-linear curve y∗(t). We restrict to Lévy processes X satisfying Cramér’s condition, a non-lattice ...

In 4 experiments, the authors investigated spatial updating in a familiar environment. Participants learned locations of objects in a room, walked to the center, and turned to appropriate facing directions before making judgments of relative direction (e.g., "Imagine you are standing at X and facing Y. Point to Z.") or egocentric pointing judgments (e.g., "You are facing Y. Point to Z."). Exper...

Shannon's entropy has been characterized in several ways. Kaminski and Mikusihski [5] simplified Fadeev's [3] approach by considering, what they called the entropy equation: (1.1) H(x, y, z) = H(x + y, 0, z) + H(x, y, 0) , (x ^ 0 , y ^ 0 , z > 0 , xy + yz + zx > 0) . A general continuous symmetric solution of (1.1) given by (1.2) H(x, y, z) = (x + y + z) log (x + y + z) — x log x y log y — z lo...

In 1983 Canny presented criteria for measuring the quality of edge detectors and derived an optimal FIR-Filter for step edges by optimizing them. Four years later Deriche proposed an approach to edge detection based on Canny´s design utilizing IIR-Filters which can be implemented very efficiently recursively. Unfortunately, using the Deriche-Filter leads to a distortion of the amplitudes of the...

We define a family of pseudo metrics on B and study elementary properties of the associated metric spaces. As an application we prove that, for any a > 0 and for any countable-to-one function f from (S, dE) to [0, a], the set NMnf = {x ∈ S 2 | ∃y ∈ S such that f(x)− f(y) > ndE(x, y)} is uncountable for all n ∈ N, where dE is the standard Euclidean metric on S = { (x, y, z) ∈ R | x + y + z = 1 }

Ž . Ž . We consider integral equations of the form c x s f x q Ž . Ž . Ž . Ž . H k x, y z y c y dy in operator form c s f q K c , where V is some subset V z n Ž . Ž . of R n G 1 . The functions k, z, and f are assumed known, with z g L V and ` f g Y, the space of bounded continuous functions on V. The function c g Y is to be determined. The class of domains V and kernels k considered includes t...

ABSTRACTLiDAR scanning is a widely-used method for accurately assessing roads and vehicular infrastructure. However, it can be costly often overlooks infrastructure important Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) like pedestrians cyclists. Advances in electronics now permit high-performance LiDAR sensors made of standard semiconductor materials to integrated into personal devices smartphones tablets. Thi...

We consider timed automata whose clocks are imperfect. For a given perturbation error 0 < ε < 1, the perturbed language of a timed automaton is obtained by letting its clocks change at a rate within the interval [1 ε, 1 + ε]. We show that the perturbed language of a timed automaton with a single clock can be captured by a deterministic timed automaton. This leads to a decision procedure for the...