Aim: To reveal the effect of synchronous or asynchronous patients on these values by examining esophageal pressure (Pes ), transpulmonary (PL), and time-pressure-product (PTP) in active who are planned to be weaned from mechanical ventilator can trigger their own respiration.
 Material Methods: Patients monitored a respiration, separated near future, were taken an catheter was inserted, th...

In a group of postoperative patients, Taniguchi and coworkers compared the effect of a computerized system for weaning against 'manual care'. The computerized system involved automatic adjustments to the level of pressure support to achieve a target respiratory rate. Manual care involved adjustments to the level of pressure support to keep the ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume belo...

OBJECTIVE To determine the construct validity of cadaveric temporal bones in mastoidectomy training. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational study. METHODS Trainees from the North London otolaryngology training program performed step-wise modified radical mastoidectomy on cadaveric temporal bones under faculty supervision. Performance was assessed using a validated mastoidectomy assessment...

After moving away from the psychometric and the integrative language testing paradigms toward the communicative language testing paradigm, experts in writing and assessment have been concerned with creating conditions under which learners can experience and display writing in an authentic way so that their writings will tally the ones in non-test situations. As an alternative assessment option,...