A study was carried out in six villages located at different altitudes in Mpwapwa district of central Tanzania to determine malaria parasitaemia and transmission levels in villages with or without health care facilities. A total of 1119 schoolchildren (age = 5.9-12.3 years) were examined for malaria parasitaemia. Plasmodiumfalciparum was the predominant malaria species accounting for 92.8% of a...

This paper focuses on conditions in forestry villages in the northern rayony of Perm’ oblast’, inEuropean Russia, which form part of the Russian "Near North". It describes the collapse of thelocal forestry economy after 1991, and against the backdrop of these economic conditions, thepaper then discusses the survival strategies being employed by the inhabitants of the villages of...

A random survey was conducted to study the epidemiology of brucellosis in Punjab (India), using the 'Survey Toolbox' sampling software. A two-stage sampling procedure was adopted: in the first stage, villages were selected, and in the second the selection of animals was made. In all, 52 villages were selected randomly from a sampling frame of all the villages of Punjab. The total number of anim...

Craft villages are Vietnamese rural villages with existing craft and non-farming activities drawing the participation of at least 30 percent of all households and making at least 50 percent of the village's total income. Out of the total of about 1,450 craft villages, 228 are traditional villages that have a long history and make products that are unique and typically Vietnamese. Various enviro...

In recent years the funders of development projects have become more insistent that careful evaluation of projects be integrated into p randomized assignment— not always even conceptually feasible. undertaken by Savannas Forever Tanzania (a Tanzania University of Minnesota, undertaken at the scale of a small number of the conceptual foundations of the in rural Tanzanian villages. The central id...

BACKGROUND Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) of limited valency is justified in Africa by the high burden of pneumococcal disease. Long-term beneficial effects of PCVs may be countered by serotype replacement. We aimed to determine the impact of PCV-7 vaccination on pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cluster-randomized (by village) trial of the ...

The Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Niakhar, a rural area of Senegal, is located 135 km east of Dakar. The HDSS was established in 1962 by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) of Senegal to face the shortcomings of the civil registration system and provide demographic indicators. Some 65 villages in the Niakhar area were followed annually by the HDSS from 1...

Epidemiological surveys indicate that the prevalence of epilepsy is higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries. Except for neurocystocercosis due to Taenia solium, little is known about possible underlying causes. This article reports the relationship between epilepsy and onchocerciasis in an Onchocerca volvulus endemic area in West Uganda. Individuals complaining of seizur...

T he early 1980’s will clearly be rem em bered in history as a tim e w hen everyone from the local dogcatcher to the P residen t of the U n ited States touted their list of ‘‘critical issues” . T he decade is still ju s t young enough that it will be possible to squeeze in one more list, this one directed to the special concerns and problem s of low-volume road agencies: coun­ ties, cities, vil...