THE PRACTICE of sp ik ing pu t t ing g r eens is no t a new one. I t h a s been prac t iced off and on by g r e e n k e e p e r s in th is c o u n t r y for m a n y y e a r s . It h a s usual ly been done a s a pure ly mechan i ca l m e a n s of so f t en ing pu t t ing g r e e n su r faces which h a v e become h a r d a n d c rus ted . The theo ry is t h a t the p u n c t u r i n g of m a n y ...

We consider five dimensional (5D) supersymmetric SO(10) compactified on the orbifold S/(Z2 × Z ′ 2) such that the SO(10) gauge symmetry is broken on both fixed points (branes), and the residual gauge symmetry is SU(3)c × SU(2)L×U(1)Y ×U(1)X . We explore one example in which the gauge symmetries on the two branes are respectively SU(5)×U(1) and SU(4)c × SU(2)L × SU(2)R, and the MSSM gauge symmet...

Gauge symmetry breaking by boundary conditions on a manifold is known to be equivalent to Wilson-line breaking through a background gauge field, and is therefore spontaneous. These equivalent pictures are related by a nonperiodic gauge transformation. However, we find that boundary condition gauge symmetry breaking on orbifolds is explicit; there is no gauge where all the breaking can be attrib...

This paper presents S ribe, a fun tional programming language for authoring do uments. Even if it is a general purpose tool, it best suits the writing of te hni al do uments su h as web pages or te hni al reports, API do umentations, et . Exe uting S ribe programs an produ e do uments of various formats su h as PostS ript, PDF, HTML, Texinfo or Unix man pages. That is, the very same program an ...

the degree of φ : S → SU(N), where S is the 3sphere “at infinity” in R. The topological charge has a fermionic description: by the Index Theorem, Q = index(%∂ ) where %∂ A is the Dirac operator coupled to A. The situation is similar for gauge fields on compact manifolds such as S, T , . . . Consider now a family A of SU(N) gauge fields on the 4-torus T 4 parameterized by y ∈ Y (a smooth paramet...

We reconsider the relationship between the bound state and the SU(3) rigid rotator approaches to strangeness in the Skyrme model. For non-exotic S = −1 baryons the bound state approach matches for small mK onto the rigid rotator approach, and the bound state mode turns into the rotator zero-mode. However, for small mK , we find no S = +1 kaon bound states or resonances in the spectrum, confirmi...

The SU(4) Yang-Mills theory in (2+1) dimensions has a special status: its critical exponents at the finite temperature deconfinement transition are not specified by the Svetitsky-Yaffe (S-Y) conjecture [1]. By measuring them, we can learn about the couplings of the equivalent spin model, i.e. of the effective Polyakov loop model. The S-Y conjecture says that, if the deconfinement transition of ...

A low energy bound in a class of chiral solitonic field theories related the infrared physics of the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory is established. 1. The model. Consider N−1 smooth fields na = na(x) in spacetime taking their values in the Lie algebra of SU(N). The fields are chosen to be commutative [na, nb] = 0 and orthonormal (na, nb) = δab with respect the Cartan-Killing form in the Lie algebra. F...

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