The monotypic genera Epiplagiops Blanchard, 1943 and Tetragrapha Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1891 are revised. Both are invalidated and synonymized with Chetogena Rondani, 1856. Their type-species, Epiplagiops littoralis Blanchard, 1943 and Tetragrapha tessellata Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1891, are studied, redescribed, illustrated, and transferred to Chetogena. A lectotype is designated for T. tesse...

From the water-soluble portion of the methanol extract of the fruit of Glehnia littoralis Fr. SCHMIDT ex MIQ. (Umbelliferae; "hamabofu" in Japanese), thirty compounds, including three new monoterpenoids and a new monoterpenoid glucoside, a new benzofuran glucoside, a new alkyl glucoside, and a new glucide, were obtained. Their structures were clarified by spectral investigation.

The title compound, C(16)H(16)O(4), a dihydro-chalcone, was isolated from the rhizomes of Etlingera littoralis. The mol-ecule is twisted with a dihedral angle of 71.69 (6)° between the two aromatic rings. The propanone unit makes dihedral angles of 4.07 (6) and 73.56 (7)°, respectively, with the 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl and phenyl rings. The meth-oxy group is approximately coplanar with th...

In the interaction between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the generalist herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis, little is known about early events in defense signaling and their link to downstream phytohormone pathways. S. littoralis oral secretions induced both Ca²⁺ and phytohormone elevation in Arabidopsis. Plant gene expression induced by oral secretions revealed up-regulation of ...

BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory...

Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. are major insect bacterial pathogens symbiotically associated with nematodes. These bacteria are transported by their nematode hosts into the hemocoel of the insect prey, where they proliferate within hemolymph. In this work we report that wild strains belonging to different species of both genera are able to produce hemolysin activity on blood agar plates...

Numerous invertebrate species belonging to several phyla cannot synthesize sterols de novo and rely on a dietary source of the compound. SCPx (sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase) is a protein involved in the trafficking of sterols and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. We have isolated SCPx protein from Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) and have subjected it to limited ...

Azadirachtin is the most effective compound of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, with insecticidal and growth disruption properties on several species of insects. Its effects on the development and survival of Spodoptora littoralis (Boisduval) were studied under laboratory conditions. Third-instar larvae were individually fed on artificial diet treated with azadirachtin (from 0.01 ppm ...

Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) are thought to induce pore formation in midgut cell membranes of susceptible insects. Cry1Ca, which is significantly active in Spodoptera littoralis, made brush border membrane vesicles permeable to KCl (osmotic swelling was monitored by the light scattering technique); the marginally active ICPs Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac did not.

Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb insecticides exhibit good efficiency for control lepidopteran pests. The current study is a comprehensive analysis of the effect lethal sublethal concentrations these on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by using leaf dipping technique. LC50 values ranged from 0.06 to 1.07 mg/L, 0.005 0.81 mg/L chlorantraniliprole indoxacarb, respectiv...