Studies of inter-individual variation in fish swimming performance may provide insight into how selection has influenced diversity in phenotypic traits. We investigated individual variation and short-term repeatability of individual swimming performance by wild European sea bass in a constant acceleration test (CAT). Fish were challenged with four consecutive CATs with 5 min rest between trials...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages demonstrate diminished capacity to present antigens via class II MHC molecules. Since successful class II MHC-restricted antigen presentation relies on the actions of endocytic proteases, we asked whether the activities of cathepsins (Cat) B, S and L-three major lysosomal cysteine proteases-are modulated in macrophages infected with pathogenic Myc...

We compute the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category (LS-cat) and higher topological complexity ($TC_s$, $s\geq2$) of "no-$k$-equal" configuration space Conf$_k(\mathbb{R},n)$. This yields (with $k=3$) LS-cat Khovanov's group PP$_n$ pure planar braids on $n$ strands, which is an $\mathbb{R}$-analogue Artin's classical braid strands. Our methods can be used to describe optimal motion planners for prov...

background and objectives : bartonella species are being recognized as increasingly important bacterial pathogens in veterinary and human medicine. these organisms can be transmitted by an arthropod vector or alternatively by animal scratches or bites. the objectives of this study were to identify contamination of cat's saliva and nail with b. henselae as a causative role to infect human in a s...

The genome of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) consists of two negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments, designated L and S. Both segments contain two viral genes in an ambisense coding strategy, with the genes being separated by an intergenic region (IGR). We have developed a reverse genetic system that allows the investigation of cis-acting signals and trans-acting factors involve...

Responses of the chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize growing in soil with zinc (Zn) and elemental sulfur (S) were studied. The results showed that sulfur alleviated the high toxicity of Zn and increased the concentration of chlorophyll. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased significantly and catalase (CAT) activity significantly...

We have cloned genes encoding elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and expressed and purified the proteins to greater than 95% homogeneity. Sequence analysis indicated that P. aeruginosa EF-Tu and EF-Ts are 84% and 55% identical to E. coli counterparts, respectively. P. aeruginosa EF-Tu was active when assayed in GDP exchange assays. Kinetic parameters for the interact...

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) is a zinc metalloprotease whose closest homolog is angiotensin I-converting enzyme. To begin to elucidate the physiological role of ACE2, ACE2 was purified, and its catalytic activity was characterized. ACE2 proteolytic activity has a pH optimum of 6.5 and is enhanced by monovalent anions, which is consistent with the activity ...

We denote the set of all fixed points of T by Fix(T); for more details see []. The concept of -convergence in general metric spaces was introduced by Lim []. Kirk [] has proved the existence of fixed point of nonexpansive mappings in CAT() spaces. Kirk and Panyanak [] specialized this concept to CAT() spaces and showed that many Banach space results involving weak convergence have precise...

Deregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can lead to the disruption of structural and functional integrity of cells as a consequence of reactive interaction between ROS and various biological components. Catalase (CAT) is a common enzyme existing in nearly all organisms exposed to oxygen, which decomposes harmful hydrogen peroxide, into water and oxygen. In this study, the full leng...