Highly purified human serum glycoproteins were treated with neuraminidase and examined for their cross reaction with several lectins with anti-galactosyl specificity: beta-D-galactosyl structures are thought to be the main terminal sugar residues that become attached de novo after removal of neuraminic acid. The following lectins were tested: Tridacnin from the bivalve clams Tridacna maxima and...

BACKGROUND Although photoreception is best understood in rods and cones, it is increasingly clear that these are not the only photoreceptive cells of the vertebrate retina. While considerable attention has been paid to the role of melanopsin in the generation of intrinsic light sensitivity in the retinal ganglion cells of mammals, nothing is known about the photoreceptive capacity of the horizo...

How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed ...

The importance of predation risk in shaping patterns of animal migration is not well studied, mostly owing to difficulties in accurately quantifying predation risk for migratory versus resident individuals. Here, we present data from an extensive field study, which shows that migration in a freshwater fish (roach, Rutilus rutilus) that commonly migrates from lakes to streams during winter confe...

Lethal and nonlethal effects of predation are likely to impact phenotypic traits potential prey that elude capture. Nonlethal on can include alterations in behavior or morphology response risk which may impair growth fitness. The application pesticide mosquito control during aquatic stages interact with stress alter density prey. Insect regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen is a mainly prevents pupal-ad...

Global warming, eutrophication, fisheries overexploitation, species invasions, and habitat loss are the major threats to freshwater biodiversity. The aim of this study was determine richness diversity fish in 535 Polish lakes different morphometry (area more than 50 ha a maximum depth ranging from 0.4 108.5 m) trophic status (from oligotrophy hypereutrophy). A total 39 were found studied lakes,...

the aim of the present research is to survey the effects of environmental and biological factors on rutilus frisii kutum migration in the southwest region of caspian sea. for this purpose sampling was carried out by gillnet cooperatives company in tonekabon city  from november 2013 to april 2014. the total catch per unit effort  was calculated as 220 kg. rutilus frisii kutum  contains 69% of th...

Behavioural changes in parasitized hosts have been experimentally investigated by comparing the swimming behaviour of roach, Rutilus rutilus, infected by the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis with that of uninfected roach when they were exposed to the same overhead heron stimulus. Before the stimulus was presented, infected fish swam close to the surface and uninfected fish were preferentially found...

High-latitude arvicoline rodents usually reproduce in warmer months, but winter breeding has been documented in several species, including the northern red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus (Pallas, 1779) Wilson and Reader, 2005; formerly Clethrionomys rutilus (Pallas, 1779)). We tested whether the reproductive condition of the species is linked to changes in environmental parameters or its body cond...