The informal sector is generally believed to be vulnerable to various risks including health shocks due to limited access to social insurance. This paper examines the relationship between informality and protection from health risks in Yemen. The formal sector includes the pension covered wage employed and largely overlaps with public employment in Yemen, while the informal sector includes the ...

Preventive care service is considered pivotal on the background of demographic ageing and a rise in chronic diseases in China. The disparity in utilization of preventive care services between urban and rural in China is a serious issue. In this paper, we explored factors associated with urban-rural disparity in utilization of preventive care services in China, and determined how much of the urb...

BACKGROUND Systems of governance play a key role in the operation and performance of health systems. In the past six decades, China has made great advances in strengthening its health system, most notably in establishing a health insurance system that enables residents of rural areas to achieve access to essential services. Although there have been several studies of rural health insurance sche...

BACKGROUND In the transition from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy, China's state funding for health care declined and traditional coverage plans collapsed, leaving China's poor exposed to potentially ruinous health care costs. In reforming health care for the 21st century, equity in health care financing has become a major policy goal. To assess progress towards this goal, this p...

the main objevtive  of  the study is to determine the factors which influence the addeptance or rejection of rural livestock insurance in garmsar. the research method is descriptive one. there are  two groups of  research populations: 1467 cases in acceptance group & 7000 cases in rejection group. the sample population is 320 cases among 8467 ones. data collection instrumennt is questionnaire. ...

Objectives: To describe the development of NCMS in the past decade including three sections and to bring up relevant policy implications. Methods: Based on secondary data and literature review, the evolution and achievement of NCMS in the past decade and the expected future challenges were analyzed. Results: Impressive advances have been seen in establishing the largest medical insurance system...

A funeral is a costly occasion. This paper studies indigenous insurance institutions developed to cope with the high costs of funerals, based on evidence from rural areas in Tanzania and Ethiopia. These institutions are based on well-defined rules and regulations, often offering premium-based insurance for funeral expenses. Increasingly, they are also offering other forms of insurance and credi...

OBJECTIVE Health insurance provides financial support for health care expenditures. There are two types of health insurance: compulsory and voluntary. Voluntary health insurance can be divided into two categories: self-employed and supplementary. In this study, the main factors that affect the demand for self-employed health insurance in Iran were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cro...

This article reviews how psychologists working in rural communities often have to be at the cutting edge of practice because of the issues inherent in rural life. Problems faced by rural residents, such as poverty, unemployment, lack of transportation, lack of education, substance abuse, lack of health and mental health providers, and lack of insurance, complicate living day-to-day and receivin...

Thanks to continued economic growth and increasing income, the overall poverty rate has been on the decline in China. However, due to escalating medical costs and lack of insurance coverage, medical spending often causes financial hardship for many rural families. Using data from the 1998 China National Health Services Survey, the impact of medical expenditure on the poverty headcount for diffe...