PURPOSE Addressing substance abuse in rural America requires extending our understanding beyond urban-rural comparisons to how substance abuse varies across rural communities of different sizes. We address this gap by examining substance abuse prevalence across 4 geographic levels, focusing on youth (age 12-17 years) and young adults (age 18-25 years). METHODS The analysis is based on 3 years...

1. introduction the pattern has been the same for the planning and management of agriculture in rural areas, which is applied to various forms of state failure and inefficiency of the agricultural development programs. because this planning and management have not been designed based on needs, talents, and abilities of the rural areas, but based on consensus over the potential and actual needs ...

Current rural development should focus on new activities that are happening in rural areas: agriculture and forestry (remaining activities), small industry, handicrafts and services, rural tourism, housing, social life and culture, preservation of natural environment cultivation of cultural heritage, education and telecommunications development. The mobile communications have created new opport...

One of the factors for rural physicians to continue their rural practices is continuing professional development (CPD) [1]. In Japan, academic training has been reported to be the most common type of CPD, followed in descending order by participation in academic meetings, academic activities including doctor of philosophy programs [2]. The use of tele-education (remote-support systems using inf...

Healthcare is a critical issue in rural communities throughout the world. Provision of timely and cost effective health care in these communities is a challenge since it is coupled with a lack of adequate infrastructure and manpower support. Twenty percent of the United States of America‘s population resides in rural communities, i.e., 59 million people; however, only nine percent of the nation...

INTRODUCTION A variety of studies have indicated that rural communities have fewer mental health services and professionals than their urban counterparts. This study will examine the shortages of mental health professionals in rural communities as well as the impact of inadequate mental health services access on rural hospitals. METHODS A sample frame of 1162 rural hospitals was compiled, and...

background india’s economic growth rate in recent years has been fairly impressive. but, it has been consistently failing to make considerable progress in achieving health related millennium development goal (mdg) targets. lack of coherence between provisions and utilization becomes the face of the problem. inadequacies in outreach, access and affordability coupled with escalating healthcare co...

Germany’s population is decreasing and experiencing accelerated ageing. In 2060, more than a third of the population will be aged 65 years or older. With demographic change, many rural regions are struggling to ensure supply of appropriate public infrastructure while becoming less densely populated and experiencing an increasing share of immobile population groups. One of the major issues at st...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate of economic impacts of soleimanshah dam on rural development in regions that are under influence of irrigation and drainage network of dam. in this research quantitative-qualitative research method was used and information gathered with questionnaire, interview, and direct observation. statistical population of research in qualitative part consi...

OBJECTIVES This study examines how engagement in transport-related physical activity (TPA), perceptions of the commute route, actual travel distance, and perceptions of travel distance vary by degree of urbanization in rural and remote areas of Central Queensland, Australia. METHOD A random, cross-sectional sample of 1230 adults aged 18 years and over residing in rural and remote Central Quee...