The Central Pennsylvania area referred to as the Susquehanna Valley is a rural cultural region identified by political strategists as the unpredictable and conservative area between the urban centers of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. It contains a rural population of nearly 4 million people. Although the region is served by a number of large health care systems, there has been little assistance g...

How can rural hospitals continue to attract physicians to their facilities? For most rural hospitals, the number of dollars they spend in medical education equates to the number of physicians they are able to retain on staff. What will be the cost to the consumer versus the physicians if the shortage is not addressed and corrected?

This paper explores determinants of participation, intensity and the magnitude of the rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) in Tajikistan. Conducting analysis at the district level, in addition to traditional individual and household levels, helps to test the impact of institutional determinants of the RNFE invariant at the micro level. We have found that rural residents in Tajikistan are mostly pushed ...