— This paper shows why corruption is especially difficult to detect under China’s system of decentralized authoritarian rule, which I call a “rule of mandates.” Local officials must pursue high priority political targets but have immense discretion over which laws to implement. A relative standard for corruption consequently arises since non-implementation of laws may be mandate-serving or may ...

This paper studies a modified Chinese Taylor’s rule with money supply growth rate as the intermediate target. We develop survey data to measure the expected inflation and use the real marginal cost as a proxy for the output gap. The Markov regime switching model, the TVP model and the split sample OLS estimation are employed to estimate the changing coefficients of the monetary reaction functio...

We analyze politicians’ expectations about future compliance with a fiscal rule, and in particular the dependence of on their role parliament (opposition vs. incumbent government coalition). study this context German debt brake, which became constitutional provision 2009 but is binding for sub-national states from 2020 onwards only. Via unique survey, we parliamentarians all 16 state parliament...

A mixing rule for the mixtures of hard-spheres is presented which can be reduced to the standard van der Waals mixing rule at low densities. The effectiveness of the mixing rule for the size and energy parameters of lennard-Jones fluid are examined by combining them with an equation of state to calculate thermodynamic properties. The results of calculation are compared with the molecular dy...

BACKGROUND Recent research has identified technologies that may be of value in the diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We aimed to survey current practice in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia to determine the extent to which these technologies have been implemented in these two healthcare systems. METHODS We undertook a postal survey of 255 hospitals in the UK and 89 h...

Association rules have the potential to express all kinds of valuable information, but a user often does not know what to do when he or she encounters numerous, unorganized rules. This paper introduces a new concept, the datascape survey. This provides an overview of data, and a way to go into details when necessary. We cannot invoke active user reactions to mining results, unless a user can vi...

predicting different behaviors in computer networks is the subject of many data mining researches. providing a balanced intrusion detection system (ids) that directly addresses the trade-off between the ability to detect new attack types and providing low false detection rate is a fundamental challenge. many of the proposed methods perform well in one of the two aspects, and concentrate on a su...

data sanitization is a process that is used to promote the sharing of transactional databases among organizations and businesses, it alleviates concerns for individuals and organizations regarding the disclosure of sensitive patterns. it transforms the source database into a released database so that counterparts cannot discover the sensitive patterns and so data confidentiality is preserved ag...