BACKGROUND Mumps outbreaks in populations with high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage raise the question whether a third dose of MMR vaccine (MMR3) is needed. However, data on the immunogenicity of MMR3 are limited. We assessed mumps virus neutralizing antibody levels pre- and post-MMR3 in a nonoutbreak setting. METHODS Mumps antibody titers were assessed at baseline, 1 mont...

During an epidemic of rubella in Hong Kong between October 1996 and June 1997, four male patients presented with rubella complicated by encephalitis, the symptoms of which started 1 to 5 days after the appearance of the rash characteristic of rubella. Two patients recovered completely within 1 week and one complained of a slight impairment of short-term memory. Severe cerebral oedema, and herni...

In 1941 Gregg provided the first evidence that rubella virus (family Togaviridae, genus Rubivirus) causes human congenital defects (1). Although rubella virus infection usually causes a mild disease comprising fever and rash, rubella epidemics have been associated with congenital defects in children of women who became infected during their first trimester of pregnancy (2). The risk of in utero...

The epidemiology of rubella in Thailand was studied by measuring the HI antibodies in 2,798 human serum samples collected in 1977 and from 1982 through 1986. In the study of the Meo and Karen hill tribes and employees of the Raming Tea Plantation living in high land in 1977, high antibody-negative rates against rubella were observed among young children aged 14 or less, so that the antibody was...

Rubella complement-fixing (CF) antigen and infectious virus were produced continuously and concurrently for as long as 63 days in suspension cultures of BHK-21 cells prepared from uncloned monolayer stock cultures. CF titers ranged from 1:4 to 1:32, and the peak infectivity titer was greater than 8.0 (TCID(50) log(10)) per ml. Suspension cultures could be recultivated after prolonged storage in...

OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma, anti-Rubella, and anti-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies among pregnant women receiving prenatal care at Van Training and Research Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS In developing countries, various infectious agents encountered in the gestational period are important because they influence both maternal and fetal health. Among these, ...

BACKGROUND Shifts in peak measles incidence to children <12 months old and the associated high mortality support the study of an early 2-dose measles vaccine regimen. METHODS Fifty-five infants were vaccinated with measles vaccine at age 6 (n=32) or 9 (n=23) months, followed by measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)-II vaccine at age 12 months. A control group received MMR-II only at age 12 months. Meas...

In this study, the seroprevalences of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies in infants were determined to assess the immunization strategy and control measures for these infectious diseases. Serum samples from infants < 1 year of age and their mothers were collected to measure the concentrations of specific IgG antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For...