The cremation of human bodies and the incineration of urban waste provide two interrelated examples of technologies using the destructive power of fire that "travelled" in both directions between India and the West in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Rather than granting an automatic ascendency to western ways of burning the dead or disposing of urban rubbish, these case studies indicate...

The Huntingfield area has a varied vegetation, including substantial areas ofEucalyptus amygdalina heathy woodland, heath, buttongrass moorland and E. amygdalina shrubby forest, with smaller areas ofwetland, grassland and E. ovatashrubby forest. Six floristic communities are described for the area. Two hundred and one native vascular plant taxa, 26 moss species and ten liverworts are known from...

The actualization of affordances can often be accomplished in numerous, equifinal ways. For instance, an individual could discard an item in a rubbish bin by walking over and dropping it, or by throwing it from a distance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the behavioral dynamics associated with such metastability using a ball-to-bin transportation task. Using time-interval betwee...

Introduction: As the disposal of materials and commodities in management construction projects has evolved into a critical issue, certain building are likely to be thrown away as rubbish at end structure’s useful life. However, tearing down houses dumping huge amounts garbage landfills not best feasible solutions problem. The depletion loss on project site exacerbated by significant amount wast...

During the course of a telemetry study on three species of Australian frogs (Litoria caerulea, Litoria dahlii and Cyclorana australis), we found that many of the surgically implanted transmitters had migrated into the bladder. We subsequently implanted small beads into L. caerulea and they were expelled from the body in 10-23 days. Beads implanted into cane toads (Rhinella marina) to document t...

The problem of waste is one the things that need to be considered by society, especially food waste. Household management has begun carried out using Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) method but not yet used technology. By Finite State Automata (FSA) which basic concept Vending Machine (VM), can more economically converting into balances for Rubbish Bank customers course becomes income society. In...

Blade of a small bronze knife of the type used by Egyptian scribes of the New Kingdom for trimming their brushes, cutting sheets of papyrus, and the like. It was once the property of the Chief Steward Thot-hotpe, who served Het-shepswet during her reign as "king" of Egypt (1497-1482 B.C.), and is inscribed with the title and name of this important official. The blade, minus its curved handle, w...

This paper estimates the economic values of household preference for enhanced solid waste disposal services in Malaysia. The contingent valuation (CV) method estimates an average additional monthly willingness-to-pay (WTP) in solid waste management charges of €0.77 to 0.80 for improved waste disposal services quality. The finding of a slightly higher WTP from the generic CV question than that o...

Coastal visits not only provide psychological benefits but can also contribute to the accumulation of rubbish. Volunteer beach cleans help address this issue, but may only have limited, local impact. Consequently, it is important to study any broader benefits associated with beach cleans. This article examines the well-being and educational value of beach cleans, as well as their impacts on ind...

Long-distance trade routes criss-crossed ancient Africa and Eurasia. Archaeological research has focused on the commodities in transit excavation of major centres located along these routes, with less attention paid to smaller caravanserai evidence such as rubbish middens. The ‘Incense Route’ linked Arabian Peninsula Red Sea Mediterranean Sea, activity peaking during Nabataean Roman periods. au...