AIM To investigate age related alterations in glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding produced by the modulatory compounds glutamate, glycine, and magnesium (Mg2+) sulphate. METHODS The effects produced by glutamate plus glycine, and Mg2+ on the binding of [3H]MK-801, a ligand for the N-methyl-D-aspartate ion channel phencyclidine site, were measured in membrane preparations ma...

Three new species of Salganea Stål, 1877 are described and illustrated: S. quinquedentata sp. n., S. anisodonta sp. n. and S. flexibilis sp. n. S. taiwanensis Roth, 1979, S. guangxiensis (Feng & Woo, 1990), S. incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893) and S. raggei Roth, 1979 are redescribed. Panesthia concinna Feng & Woo, 1990 is synonymized with S. taiwanensis Roth, 1979 and Panesthia guangxiensi...

NMDA receptor antagonists produce region-specific neurodegeneration by an undetermined mechanism, but one proposed mechanism involves disinhibition. In certain areas of the brain, NMDA receptors mediate excitatory drive onto inhibitory interneurons. Thus, NMDA receptor/channel antagonists may reduce inhibition (i.e., produce "disinhibition"). If a sufficient level of disinhibition is produced, ...

The wild-type Saliiaonella typhiinnurium strain LT2 contains six copies of the insertion sequence element IS200 which is unique to Salmonella. We have determined the chromosomal locations of all six copies of IS200 in strain LT2. This was done by mapping the positions of TnlO elements inserted near each copy of IS200. Such TnlO insertions were detected by Southern hybridization as IS200-contain...

So far in the course we have been concerned almost exclusively with functions on the set {−1, 1}n (sometimes written F2 ). What about other product spaces? As alluded to in Problem #1 on Homeworks #4 and #5, we can develop some kind of “orthogonal decomposition” for functions on any product probability space X. This will give us some subset of our Fourier analysis, and it’s useful when one does...

This result strengthens a previous theorem, again due to Furstenberg and Katznelson ([FK1]), stating that for commuting measure preserving transformations T1, . . . , Tk of a probability space (X,A, μ) and A ∈ A with μ(A) > 0 there exists n > 0 such that μ ( A∩ ⋂k i=1 T −n i A ) > 0. The case of [FK1] in which each Ti is a power of the same transformation T was proved by Furstenberg in 1977 ([F...

The essential oil of Betula pendula Roth. buds was obtained using both hydrodistillation and microdistillation techniques and their chemical compositions were analyzed using both gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, more than 50 compounds were identified representing 80% and 92% for hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively. The main com...

At the spinal level, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (Noc/OFQ) produces pronociceptive and allodynic effects at low doses (picogram range), while causing antinociceptive effects at high doses (microgram range). The discrepancy of pain modulation by Noc/OFQ at low and high doses raised a question whether Noc/OFQ exerted actions through the same Noc/OFQ receptor. In the present study, we examined the invo...

Analyses of ancient DNA from extinct humans reveal signals of at least two independent hybridization events in the history of non-African populations. To date, there are very few examples of specific genetic variants that have been rigorously identified as introgressive. Here, we survey DNA sequence variation in the OAS gene cluster on chromosome 12 and provide strong evidence that a haplotype ...

Patients with schizophrenia often manifest deficits in behavioral flexibility. Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists such as MK-801 induce schizophrenia-like symptoms in rodents, including cognitive functions. Despite work exploring flexibility has been done employing behavioral paradigms with simple stimuli, much less is known about what kinds of flexibility are affected in an MK-801 model...