Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in various physiological activities. However, their role in dendritic cell (DC) activation and generation has not been investigated. Using the bone marrow-derived GM-CSF-induced ex vivo DC model, we characterize how induction of ROS correlates with inflammatory DC functionality and expansion. We describe that the functionality of GM-CSF-induced...

Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in heavy ion radiation-induced cell death. The mechanism involved in the generation of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not fully illustrated. Here we show that NADPH oxidase activation is closely related to heavy ion radiation-induced cell death via excessive ROS generation. Cell death and cellular ROS can be greatly reduced in irradi...

The mechanism of farnesol (FOH)-induced growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in terms of its promotive effect on generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The level of ROS generation in FOH-treated cells increased five- to eightfold upon the initial 30-min incubation, while cells treated with other isoprenoid compounds, like geraniol, geranylgeraniol, and squalene, showe...

We investigated pathogenic mutations relevant in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH; gene: Dld) deficiency, a severe human disease, to elucidate how they alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and associated biophysical characteristics of LADH. Twelve known disease-causing mutants of human LADH have been expressed and purified to homogeneity from E. coli. Detailed biophysical and bioc...

In mammalian cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced via a variety of cellular oxidative processes, including the activity of NADPH oxidases (NOX), the activity of xanthine oxidases, the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Although NOX-generated ROS are the best characterized examples of ROS in ...

Candida albicans, the most important opportunistic fungal pathogen, is able to generate remarkable amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since ROS are highly cytotoxic, this mechanism may contribute to the pathogenicity of this yeast, including its invasiveness and the inflammatory response of the host. Terbinafine, a synthetic antifungal agent of the allylamine class, inhibits ergosterol b...

Vasculopathy is a major complication of diabetes; however, molecular mechanisms mediating the development of vasculopathy and potential strategies for prevention have not been identified. We have previously reported that C-peptide prevents diabetic vasculopathy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endothelial apoptosis. To gain further insight into ROS-dependent mechanism of dia...

BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor RAGE interaction play a role in diabetic vascular complications. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. However, the role of DPP-4 in AGE-induced endothelial cell (EC) damage remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of DPP-4 on reactive oxygen ...

The interrelationship among water-stress-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) was investigated in leaves of detached maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to -0.7 MPa water stress induc...

Functional and structural changes in mitochondria are caused by the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and by the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These two processes are linked in a vicious cycle that has been extensively documented in ischemia/reperfusion injuries of the heart, and the same processes likely contribute to vascular patholog...