The wavefront of an injection-seeded soft x-ray laser beam generated by amplification of high-harmonic pulses in a λ=18.9 nm molybdenum plasma amplifier was measured by a Hartmann wavefront sensor with an accuracy of λ/32 root mean square (rms). A significant improvement in wavefront aberrations of 0.51±0.03λ rms to 0.23±0.01λ rms was observed as a function of plasma column length. The variatio...

In this letter we report experimental observations on the times of adhesion of living Tokay geckos (Gekko geckos) on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) inverted surfaces. Two different geckos (male and female) and three surfaces with different root mean square (RMS) roughness (RMS=42, 618 and 931 nm) have been considered, for a total of 72 observations. The measured data are proved to be statistical...

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether heart rate variability (HRV) can be used as an index of parasympathetic reactivation after exercise. Heart rate recovery after exercise has recently been shown to have prognostic significance and has been postulated to be related to abnormal recovery of parasympathetic tone. Ten normal subjects [5 men and 5 women; age 33 +/- 5 yr (mean +/- SE)...

22 23 Abbreviations: kg, kilogram; COM, center of mass; APCOP, anterior-posterior center of pressure; 24 EMG, electromyography; LOS, limits of stability; GM, medial gastrocnemius; SOL, soleus; RF, rectus 25 femoris; BF, biceps femoris; LES, lumbar erector spinae; TA, tibialis anterior; ISI, interspike interval; 26 RMS, root mean square; CV, coefficient of variation; IQR, interquartile range; PI...

Abbreviations used in this paper: ANOVA, analysis of variance; ChrgA, chromogranin A; CM, membrane capacitance; Cpx, complexin; dko, double ko; EB, exocytotic burst; ko, knockout; MDis, median distance; NMJ, neuromuscular junction; NP, nitrophenyl; rms, root–mean–square; RRP, readily releasable pool; SR, sustained rate; SRP, slowly releasable pool; SybII, synaptobrevinII; Syt, synaptotagmin; wt...

We study the long term evolution of the relationship between the root mean square (rms) variability and flux (the " rms-flux relation ") for the black hole Cygnus X-1 as monitored from 1996 to 2003 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We confirm earlier results by Uttley & McHardy (2001) of a linear relationship between rms and flux in the hard state on time scales > 5 s reflecting in i...

AEP auditory evoked magnetic field AM amplitude modulation CV consonant-vowel DC direct current EEG electroencephalography ERP event related potential FM frequency modulation fMRI functional magnetic resonance HP Huggins pitch MEG magnetoencephalography MMF mismatch field MMN mismatch negativity POR pitch onset response RIS regular interval sound RMS root-mean-square SF sustained field STG supr...

A study of time dispersion in different indoor line-ofsight radio channels in the 492–862 MHz band is presented in this paper. A combined method to filter the noise in the measured impulse response is described. The effect of frequency windowing on the impulse responses and the root mean square (rms) delay spread is also investigated. It has been found that, in general, the use of windows with ...

BACKGROUND Measurements of parameters from electrocardiograms (ECGs) are still largely performed from paper ECG records. Recent guidelines from regulatory agencies and, in particular, the requirement of the Food and Drug Administration to enforce the digital submission of annotated ECGs have triggered significant efforts in the pharmaceutical industry, which, to comply with the new guidelines, ...

porous silicon samples were prepared by electrochemical etching method for different etching times. the structural properties of porous silicon (ps) samples were determined from the atomic force microscopy (afm) measurements. the surface mean root square roughness (σ rms) changes as function of porosity were studied, and the influence of etching time on porosity and roughness was studied too. u...