The successful outcome of the endodontic therapy requires an adequate knowledge in context to anatomy of the root canal system. In most cases, the mandibular canines are thought to have just one root canal. Those presenting with an extra root and canal are usually rare, ranging from 1% to 5%. Thus, in spite of this low prevalence, variations in the anatomy and number of root canals in mandibula...

A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is a prerequisite for the endodontic therapy. The maxillary molars, especially the second molars, have the most complicated root canal system in permanent dentition. There are many variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary molars. Treatment may be unsuccessful because the dentist may fail to recognize the unusual canal configuration....

BACKGROUND The chance of discovering foreign object in a root canal is more commonly seen in children. Foreign objects may act as a potential source of infection, which may hinder the complete debridement of root canal. Although the main etiology being an accidental insertion, there are other possibilities such as self-injurious habits which should be ruled out. CASE DETAILS The present artic...

objectives : cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an important step in endodontic therapy. new instruments incorporate new preparation techniques that can improve the efficacy of cleaning and shaping. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mtwo and race rotary file systems in straightening the canal curvature using only one file or the conventional method. materials an...

The success of the endodontic treatment depends on the removal of vital or necrotic pulp tissue and minimizing the amount of pathological debris from the complex root canal system. Root canal irrigation seems to be undeniably important during biomechanical preparation, particularly because, during mechanical instrumentation, approximately 35-40% of the root canal surface remained unchanged (1)....

The dynamic concept of the root canal system, which describes a variable morphology of the multiple root canals which are inter-connected by anastomoses, has been established as the prevailing state in the mandibular molars. The aim of this case report was to describe the unusual root canal anatomy that was detected in the mandibular first molar during the routine endodontic treatment. The clin...

Literature review The primary function of calcium hydroxide as a routine intracanal medicament is to provide antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide are not well known. Physicochemical properties of this substance may limit its effectiveness in disinfecting the entire root canal system. In addition, calcium hydroxide is not effective agains...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the results of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations, confirm the presence or absence of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) root canal in maxillary first and second molars, estimate the distance between the root canal orifices, observe the root types based on Vertucci classification system, and make comparisons between CBCT and per...

introduction: several studies have evaluated the inflammatory reaction triggered by epiphany (eph), a contemporary endodontic sealer. however, they used conventional parameters, which need additional analysis to better understand the reactions induced by this sealer compared to other traditional sealers. methods and materials: the intensity and time span of tissue irritations for three endodont...

This paper presents theories and algorithms for 3-D root canal model construction from 2-D X-ray images in a clinically practical way: (1) the geometrical rectification algorithm for correcting distorted 2-D X-ray images, (2) the transformation algorithms from 2-D X-ray image coordinate system to unified 3-D reference coordinate system, (3) the merging algorithms and theory for obtaining spatia...