Introduction. This clinical case report presents the successful endodontic treatment of a maxillary second molar that has a mandibular molar-like anatomy with no palatal root and with each of its roots containing two separate root canals. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to confirm this unusual anatomy. Methods. A 34-year-old male patient was referred to the Department of Endodonti...

Among citrus rootstocks, higher specific root length (SRL, root length}d. wt) has been linked to several specific morphological and physiological traits, including smaller average root diameter, higher root hydraulic conductivity and higher rates of root proliferation. In this study, thickness of the outer tangential exodermal (hypodermal) wall and its suberin layer, number of passage cells, pr...

Knowledge of the size, morphology, and variation of the root canals of a primary tooth is useful in visualizing the pulp cavity during treatment. The roots of the primary teeth are formed completely approximately 16 to 20 months following eruption.1 In approximately three years the roots begin to resorb at the apex or on a lateral surface near the apex.2 The form and shape of the root canals ro...

The objective of this study was to review the literature with respect to the root and canal systems in the maxillary first molar. Root anatomy studies were divided into laboratory studies (in vitro), clinical root canal system anatomy studies (in vivo) and clinical case reports of anomalies. Over 95% (95.9%) of maxillary first molars had three roots and 3.9% had two roots. The incidence of fusi...

AIM To describe unusual variations in the root morphology and root canal systems of mandibular first and second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. SUMMARY Normally mandibular first and second premolar teeth have single roots with single canals. A 15-year-old patient presented for orthodontic treatment and two mandibular premolar teeth were examined post-extraction. The mandibul...

Background and Aim: It is essential to know the internal root canal anatomy to reach a successful root canal debridement and a subsequent successful root canal obturation. Due to the importance of knowing the complexity of mid-mesial (MM) canals and isthmuses and how to deal with these anatomic variations, in this study, we examined the incidence and prevalence of the MM canal and isthmuses in ...

The variations of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the teeth are very important for any practitioner. These differences in root morphology are influencing the success of the endodontic therapy and the long-term prognosis of the tooth, especially when it is an abutment for a prosthetic restoration. Before beginning an endodontic treatment, the clinician must take into account the ...

The vast majority of mandibular second molars have two roots with three root canals; however, variations in molar root canal anatomy are not uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, four rooted mandibular second molar with three mesial roots and one distal root has never been reported. Herein, we present the endodontic management of a four rooted mandibular second molar tooth, diagnosed with the...

A sound knowledge of the normal tooth morphology and its numerous variations is essential to the success of endodontic therapy. While extra canals and lateral canals are routinely encountered and documented, there also exists the rare possibility of a fewer number of canals than normal. Early detection of such an occurrence is critical to the prevention of iatrogenic errors during endodontic tr...

A Carboniferous root apex reiterates the importance of the fossil record and classic developmental plant anatomy for modern evo-devo perspectives on plant diversity and evolution.