Background: Hobbies may be used on the residency application to communicate similarity other members of their desired specialty or uniqueness. Objectives: This study aimed determine most common hobbies among emergency medicine (EM) applicants and whether they differ from reported applicants. Methods: was a two-center retrospective review at large U.S. midwestern academic institutions with 3- 4-...

The dynamic spreading mechanism of liquid on a specific surface is vital for understanding interface wetting and antifouling. Whereas, how to control the process accelerate speed major challenge. rock-climbing fish characterized by its alepidote feature that lives in stream habitats dominated strong currents. mucus body plays role adherence maintenance antifouling antibacterial properties. Howe...

Abstract Cliffs are unique ecosystems with an outstanding but relatively unknown plant diversity, harboring rare, endemic and threatened species, also rock-specialist or generalist species that can become locally common dominant on cliffs. The rising popularity of climbing represents increasing threat to cliff biota, affecting community composition potentially diminishing diversity associations...

This study analyses the reaction forces and variations of rock climbing in vertical and overhanging positions. Subjects voluntarily released their right foot and regained equilibrium. In the overhanging position the quadrupedal state was characterised by a significant involvement of the arms to prevent fall. Moreover, the horizontal forces applied to the holds were less important, which suggest...

Does the sight of multiple climbing holds laid along a path activate a motor simulation of climbing that path? One way of testing whether multiple affordances and their displacement influence the formation of a motor simulation is to study acquired motor skills. We used a behavioral task in which expert and novice rock climbers were shown three routes: an easy route, a route impossible to climb...

This paper studies non-gaited, multi-step motion planning, to enable limbed robots to free-climb vertical rock. The application of a multi-step planner to a real free-climbing robot is described. This planner processes each of the many underlying one-step motion queries using an incremental, sample-based technique. However, experimental results point toward a better approach, incorporating the ...

This paper considers alternative means of rationing access to outdoor recreation areas, focussing on rock-climbing sites in Scotland. Such rationing is deemed increasingly important due to crowding and environmental externalities, yet cultural and practical considerations mean that a system of simple entry fees to mountain areas is unrealistic. We use a repeated nested multinomial logit model t...