In these notes we give a brief introduction to Kolmogorov complexity. The notes are based on the two talks given at KAM Spring School, Borová Lada, 2006.

Mineral replacement in rocks consists of growth of guest mineral and dissolution of host. The two reactions are coupled by the grain–grain stress generated by growth of the guest grain in a rigid or very viscous rock in which it has initially no available room. This stress self-adjusts to make the volumetric rates of guest growth and host dissolution equal to each other, which accounts for the ...

Using in situ field measurements, laboratory analyses, and numerical modeling, we test the potential efficacy of thermal stress weathering in the flaking of millimeter-thick alteration rinds observed on cobbles and boulders of Ferrar Dolerite on Mullins Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV). In particular, we examine whether low-magnitude stresses, arising from temperature variations over time, re...

In our previous study on petrogenesis of quartz syenite and granite porphyry, the host rocks Late Mesozoic Shapinggou Mo deposit in Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt, we found that initial Sr isotopic composition is strongly affected by degree K-alteration. Here, provide further evidence their minerals to investigate geochemical behaviour trace elements isotopes during alteration explain phenomenon d...

Hydrocarbon seeps cause chemical and mineralogical changes at the surface, which can be detected by remote sensing. This paper aims at the detection of mineral alteration induced by gas seeps in a marly limestone formation, SW Iran. For this purpose, the multispectral Advance Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the high spatial resolution WorldView-2 (WV-2) data we...

Hydrothermal alteration is considered to increase the likelihood of dome or flank collapse by compromising stability. Understanding how such influences rock properties, and providing independent metrics for that can be used estimate these parameters, therefore important better assess volcanic hazards mitigate risk. We explore possibility using whole-rock ?18O ?D values water contents, potential...

The area of interest is located on the eastern flank of the Andean Cordillera, San Juan province, Argentina. The 3600 km2 area is characterized by Siluro-Devonian to Neogene sedimentary and igneous rocks and unconsolidated Quaternary sediments. Epithermal, porphyry-related, and magmatic-hydrothermal breccia-hosted ore deposits, common in this part of the Frontal Cordillera, are associated with ...

Samples of The Miraflores Basalt sub-volcanic rocks (Miocene Late Formation) collected from different quarries on the Isthmus Panama and several samples excavation third set locks in New Channel were characterised this study. All studied had similar petrological mineralogical characteristics; however, substantially degrees alteration, which varied NW–SE direction. most altered areas located at ...

Quantitative determination of the mineralogical composition of hydrothermally altered rocks was performed by means of the Rietveld method using X-ray powder-diffraction data. Initially, experiments were carried out to minimize systematic errors arising from preferred orientation of particles as well as micro-absorption. The precision of the proposed method was tested by independent replicate sa...

Blocks of acid sulfate altered rock ejected from Halema`uma`u crater in the March 2008 eruption provide evidence of deeper processes that are driving the shallow hydrothermal alteration in this area. Previous work shows that the surficial alteration is dominated by remnant opal (SiO2) and anatase (TiO2), which are compositionally similar to materials found at Home Plate on Mars. The opal deposi...